其實，不育真的是一件滿殘忍的笑話，在初嘗試“性”這東西時，許多情侶們千方百計地避孕。每當月經來時，都慶幸自己沒懷孕。然而，在真正準備要小孩時，才發現這是多么難的一件事。每當月經來時，都問自己為什么還不能懷孕呢？真的那么難嗎？害怕自己不育。統計數字裡說的每7對夫婦就有一對不育，不育症也變成一件殘忍的事實。
不育會對性愛造成威脅嗎？答案：因人而異。但是，當性愛演變成一種責任，不育療程的束搏，甚至被逼的時候，那原本夫婦倆通過性愛的親密體驗，就變成例行公事，性愛的歡愉將大打折扣！雖然，不育會對夫婦倆帶來疑惑、矛盾、無助與壓力。然而，它卻讓夫婦倆更清楚知道不育對性愛與夫婦倆感情的負面影響，以致他們必須進行無數的溝通來正視以及尋找方案。
~~~不育推垮男人尊嚴~~~
不育推垮了做丈夫的尊嚴，做妻子的責任！
“生兒育女，相夫教子”是妻子的責任，是做媽媽的責任。雖然現今社會，我們推崇男女平等，很多女性都是在各領域裡的佼佼者。可是，在傳統華人社會裡，傳宗接代的觀念還是很強。所以，結婚生育是件多么自然的事。丈夫為成功懷孕的妻子感到慶幸，妻子為成功令她懷孕的丈夫感到光榮與驕傲，這一切是多么自然以及讓人期待的事啊！妻子懷孕，就是提高做男人，做丈夫的尊嚴！
“如果不能夠讓妻子懷孕的話，我還算是男人嗎？”這句話包含著滿滿男人尊嚴受損憤怒和無助的聲音。“就是因為我，害你還未能當爸爸，不如你和我離婚，再娶吧！”這句話聽起來是酸溜溜地，可是它卻是反映出妻子對不育的無奈與悲痛。不能夠令妻子懷孕的丈夫不是男人嗎？不能夠懷孕的妻子就不是女人嗎？當然不是。所以，首先不育夫婦就得接受這觀點。
不育療程決定了我們性愛的方程式！
當性愛是由第三者（醫生）來決定的話，性愛也起了無形的束搏，巨大的壓力，夫婦倆須在固定時間行房的話，那么，性愛因而只是一件僅僅為了生小孩而做的活動，還是還有其他的用意嗎？究竟性愛是什么呢? 夫婦倆對此的觀點又如何呢？不管夫婦對性愛的看法是怎樣，當行房是在有預謀，有計劃下進行的話，它也將演變成一個固定的方程式以及缺乏應有的甜蜜滋味，有些夫婦甚至對“性”產生厭倦！因此，夫婦應該誠實的面對這性愛的改變，以及誠實地說出自己對“性”的要求和看法，以達到共識。
~~~不育帶來負面想法~~~
不育最大的挑戰是“等”。所有的不育療程都是“等”的游戲。就是一個“等”字，累垮了許多不育夫妻，有些覺得當“性”已經不能夠制造下一代時，為何還要去做呢？當這一切的悲觀思想佔據了原本對“性”的渴望，甚至會覺得“性”是多余的……不育仿佛把房事公諸于世……
“性”應該是一件很私人的事。然而，不育夫婦無奈地接受親戚朋友的勸告，醫生的意見，仿佛牽涉了很多人在自己的房事裡。有時候，夫婦難免會有無形的壓力，因為親戚朋友會追問療程進展，造人的進度等問題。所以，一旦決定要接受親戚朋友的幫忙時，就必須有承擔后果的勇氣！至于，有沒有必要把讓親戚朋友牽涉其中？這必須通過夫妻倆的溝通才能做出決定。因為如果不把這牽涉其他人的話，那么，丈夫、妻子就必須把另一方當成不育療程時唯一的精神支柱！這樣，房事自然相對地變輕鬆了，性愛，才會是一種享受。
Wednesday, November 5, 2008
Tuesday, September 9, 2008
哺乳守護寶貝守護你
標榜媲美母乳的配方奶粉，幾十年來成為嬰兒營養的黃金標準，事實上，母乳，才是最天然、最健康的嬰兒食品。雖然各大醫院紛紛推行哺乳政策，然而，放眼望去，媽媽們對哺乳仍有許多迷思，“奶水足夠嗎？”“寶寶夠飽嗎？”“哺乳很麻煩”……
《養生》特邀兩位資深母乳哺育指導專員李雅齊和杜巴（Toobaloshany A/P Vasathakumar）分享哺乳知識，讓寶寶贏在人生起跑點，從哺乳開始。
擔任母乳哺育知識專員多年的李雅齊，說起哺乳好處侃侃而談：“哺乳無論是對母親或嬰兒都有很多好處，事實上，除了各種健康好處，每月還可以節省一大筆購買配方奶粉的金錢，不但符合經濟效益，而且，是寶寶最佳的食物來源，每個疼愛孩子，希望孩子健康成長的母親，都應該選擇哺餵母乳。”
“尤其是初乳，更是母親給寶寶最珍貴的禮物，初乳的脂肪含量較少，蛋白質多，而且含有免疫物質，具有預防嬰兒患病，促使健康發育等重要功能。”李雅齊鼓勵媽媽堅持哺乳，給孩子一個更健康的未來。
全面剖析哺乳誤區
--------------
*胃腸炎（Gastroenteritis）
“哺乳，說難不難，卻也存在許多誤區，幫助新手媽媽揭開迷思，才能輕鬆哺乳，讓母親和寶寶都獲得健康的身心。”杜巴和李雅齊分享一些新手媽媽們常出現的誤區。
*誤區一：擔心寶寶不夠飽或寶寶哭鬧要吮吸，可以偶爾添加配方奶或給奶嘴。
錯！哺乳初期，媽媽會因為種種原因而奶水分泌比較少，愛子心切的家人就會擔心寶寶餓著，急忙加奶粉。這樣一來，導致寶寶的吮吸母奶的次數減少，影響哺乳的成功率。
*誤區二：乳房要經常用沐浴乳清洗，保持乳房干淨。
錯！乳房只需要用干淨水清洗即可，過度清潔反而會造成乳頭過度干燥，破壞乳房天然的防護力。
*誤區三：寶寶經常吮吸乳房是不對的，這樣會造成依賴性。
錯！經常吸吮乳房是正常的，這樣可以滿足及安撫寶寶，並且產生更多的奶水，隨著寶寶逐漸長大，吮吸的間隔時間會逐漸拉長。
*誤區四：每次餵奶，一次只能喂一邊？
錯！一次只喂一邊會減少刺激乳房的次數，乳汁分泌也自然減少，因此，每次哺乳應該換邊喂，盡量兩邊都喂，確保乳汁分泌供應充足，而且避免一邊乳房腫脹的情況出現。
* 誤區五：我想哺乳，但要上班，所以，最好的方法就是放棄哺乳，選用配方奶粉？
錯！職業女性也可以輕鬆哺乳，只要擠出母乳儲存，不但可以確保媽媽乳汁分泌，防止脹奶的痛苦，還可以讓寶寶享用最天然的營養。擠奶可以用擠奶器或手擠，擠出的奶放在母乳儲存袋即可。
* 誤區六：哺乳會使身材走樣。
錯！很多媽媽擔心哺乳會造成身材走樣，其實，哺乳期反而有促進母親恢復身材的作用，提供營養給寶寶，保持母體供需平衡，促進子宮收縮，有利于消耗掉孕期體內蓄積的多余脂肪。
*誤區七：工作忙碌時，不擠乳也沒關係。
專家提醒，千萬不能偷懶不擠乳，因為，沒有“排空”奶水，不只會導致乳腺發炎，也會影響乳汁分泌量。因此，要養成固定擠乳的習慣，有“訂單需求”，大腦才會持續發出製造乳汁的指令，乳汁分泌量才會充足。
哺乳媽媽飲食建議
--------------
哺乳媽媽要讓寶寶健康無病痛，提供高品質乳汁是關鍵，因此，媽媽們也別忘了照顧自己的飲食，母體營養充足，才能確保乳汁分泌營養充足。
多吃：
母乳含有寶寶所需要的各種營養成分，勝于配方奶粉。
糖類：是熱量的主要來源，可由全麥、穀類、蔬果中獲得。
脂肪：宜儘量攝取不飽和脂肪，如葵花油、蔬菜油等。
蛋白質：由魚、肉、蛋、奶、豆等食物中獲得。
維他命和礦物質：脂溶性維他命（A、D、E、K）、水溶性維他命（B、C）和各種礦物質。
水分：哺乳時所需的水分量較大，所以水的補充量要足夠，也可由湯汁或牛奶中獲得。
避免食用：
＊咖啡與濃茶。
＊含脂肪多的食物，如醃肉、鹹蛋、火腿、豆腐等。
＊過鹹或燻肉、鹹魚、火腿、豆腐等。
＊僅提供熱量，但卻無營養價值的食物，如：糖果、巧克力、甜點、可樂、汽水等。
＊刺激性的調味品，如辣椒、胡椒、咖哩等。
＊煙和酒。
哺乳的好處
---------
A) 母親
1.促進母親和寶寶之間的親密感覺。
2.防止產后流血。
3.自然避孕方法。
4.減少患上乳癌、卵巢癌的几率。
5.迅速恢復生產前的體重和身材。
6.幫助產后子宮收縮，排除惡露，使子宮恢復到產前的大小和彈性。
B)寶寶
1.母乳含有寶寶所需要的各種營養成分，而且分量均衡、溫度適中及容易消化。
2.母乳含有抗菌蛋白質和抗體，幫助保護寶寶，提升免疫能力，減少咳嗽、感冒等几率。
3.母乳保護寶寶免受感染，減少支氣管炎、肺炎、腦膜炎、腹瀉等几率，並且預防寶寶發生腹絞痛、哮喘、鼻子敏感和食物敏感。
4.促進寶寶體格、情緒和大腦的理想發育
5.哺喂母乳會讓寶寶感覺安全被愛，甚至，也可以讓寶寶更漂亮，因為，母乳的吮吸方式和奶瓶不同，必須運用上下顎、嘴唇、雙頰肌肉、寶寶顏面神經肌肉運動也不一樣，咀嚼能力更好，而且，臉型也更好看。
註：產后第一個星期或者兩個星期左右的時間，分泌出來的母乳叫做“初乳”。
抓緊原則正確哺乳
--------------
經常穿梭在產房協助新手媽媽進行哺乳工作的杜巴，無論是哺育自己的孩子，或是幫助媽媽們正確哺乳，都有豐富經驗，她表示哺乳可能出現的狀況雖然因人而異，但是只要抓緊正確原則，一般上都不會有太大問題。
正確哺乳的表征
------------
乳頭延伸至寶寶口內。
寶寶張大口、下巴貼著乳房。
寶寶的鼻子沒有接觸乳房。
寶寶的下唇向外彎曲，涵蓋住的乳暈範圍比上唇多。
寶寶稍稍的向上傾斜、下顎碰觸到乳房。
寶寶吮吸、休息后再緩慢及順暢呼吸。
常見問題改善方法
--------------
“部分媽媽在哺乳過程中可能會出現一些常見問題，往往因為缺乏了解或耐性就放棄哺乳，這是非常可惜的。其實，大部分問題都可以解決，只要稍微調整，還是可以繼續哺乳，讓寶寶獲得最好的營養。”杜巴說哺乳的常見問題包括：
乳房腫脹：乳房開始分泌乳汁時，會充盈、變硬、有觸痛感，有時候會感到疼痛，乳頭和乳暈也會變硬，往往在生產后3至5天時發生。
如何改善？
1.用手擠出乳汁或用吸奶器吸出乳汁，使乳房變軟，擠出足夠乳汁，使乳暈變軟，讓寶寶能很容易吸住。
2.餵奶時輕輕按摩乳房。
3.經常給寶寶餵奶。
4.因乳房沉重須戴乳罩，建議使用不帶鋼絲的支援型或舒適型乳罩。
乳頭疼痛：寶寶沒有吸牢乳頭或寶寶的吃奶姿勢不正確時，往往會發生乳頭疼痛。確保寶寶吸奶時上下顎深深包住乳暈，大約包住乳頭根部向外1/2吋的範圍。寶寶放開乳頭后，乳頭應為圓形挺立狀。
如何預防？
1.如餵奶時感到乳頭被掐痛、磨痛或咬痛，檢查寶寶的姿勢是否正確，以及是否吸正乳頭。
2.餵奶后，暫時不要扣上乳罩，讓乳頭自然晾干幾分鐘。
3.增加給寶寶餵奶的次數，縮短每次餵奶的時間，不要讓寶寶太飢餓。
乳管堵塞：乳管堵塞，會在乳房內形成有觸痛或疼痛感的腫塊。如果不加以治療，可導致感染。寶寶的吃奶姿勢或乳房壓力發生變化時，往往會導致乳管堵塞。
如何改善？
1.每次餵奶前，熱敷乳房15～20分鐘。
2.改變餵奶姿勢，讓寶寶的下巴和顎部對準乳管堵塞部位。
3.讓寶寶先吃乳管堵塞一側的乳房。開始的吮吸較有力，有助緩解堵塞。
乳頭內陷：乳頭凹陷于乳暈皮面之下，而不凸出于乳暈平面，輕者僅為乳頭退縮，重者表現為乳頭凹入甚至翻轉。
是否必須放棄哺乳？
如果寶寶能夠很好地含住乳頭，扁平或內陷的乳頭都不應該影響母乳喂養，不過剛開始的階段可能感覺有點痛。產前進行乳房按摩或揉搓乳頭可以改善乳頭內陷，另外，在開始哺乳的頭幾天，喂奶前使用吸奶器可以幫助內陷的乳頭突出。盡量避免脹奶情況。前幾次餵奶，如果有需要，可以請求專業醫護人員幫忙。
《養生》特邀兩位資深母乳哺育指導專員李雅齊和杜巴（Toobaloshany A/P Vasathakumar）分享哺乳知識，讓寶寶贏在人生起跑點，從哺乳開始。
擔任母乳哺育知識專員多年的李雅齊，說起哺乳好處侃侃而談：“哺乳無論是對母親或嬰兒都有很多好處，事實上，除了各種健康好處，每月還可以節省一大筆購買配方奶粉的金錢，不但符合經濟效益，而且，是寶寶最佳的食物來源，每個疼愛孩子，希望孩子健康成長的母親，都應該選擇哺餵母乳。”
“尤其是初乳，更是母親給寶寶最珍貴的禮物，初乳的脂肪含量較少，蛋白質多，而且含有免疫物質，具有預防嬰兒患病，促使健康發育等重要功能。”李雅齊鼓勵媽媽堅持哺乳，給孩子一個更健康的未來。
全面剖析哺乳誤區
--------------
*胃腸炎（Gastroenteritis）
“哺乳，說難不難，卻也存在許多誤區，幫助新手媽媽揭開迷思，才能輕鬆哺乳，讓母親和寶寶都獲得健康的身心。”杜巴和李雅齊分享一些新手媽媽們常出現的誤區。
*誤區一：擔心寶寶不夠飽或寶寶哭鬧要吮吸，可以偶爾添加配方奶或給奶嘴。
錯！哺乳初期，媽媽會因為種種原因而奶水分泌比較少，愛子心切的家人就會擔心寶寶餓著，急忙加奶粉。這樣一來，導致寶寶的吮吸母奶的次數減少，影響哺乳的成功率。
*誤區二：乳房要經常用沐浴乳清洗，保持乳房干淨。
錯！乳房只需要用干淨水清洗即可，過度清潔反而會造成乳頭過度干燥，破壞乳房天然的防護力。
*誤區三：寶寶經常吮吸乳房是不對的，這樣會造成依賴性。
錯！經常吸吮乳房是正常的，這樣可以滿足及安撫寶寶，並且產生更多的奶水，隨著寶寶逐漸長大，吮吸的間隔時間會逐漸拉長。
*誤區四：每次餵奶，一次只能喂一邊？
錯！一次只喂一邊會減少刺激乳房的次數，乳汁分泌也自然減少，因此，每次哺乳應該換邊喂，盡量兩邊都喂，確保乳汁分泌供應充足，而且避免一邊乳房腫脹的情況出現。
* 誤區五：我想哺乳，但要上班，所以，最好的方法就是放棄哺乳，選用配方奶粉？
錯！職業女性也可以輕鬆哺乳，只要擠出母乳儲存，不但可以確保媽媽乳汁分泌，防止脹奶的痛苦，還可以讓寶寶享用最天然的營養。擠奶可以用擠奶器或手擠，擠出的奶放在母乳儲存袋即可。
* 誤區六：哺乳會使身材走樣。
錯！很多媽媽擔心哺乳會造成身材走樣，其實，哺乳期反而有促進母親恢復身材的作用，提供營養給寶寶，保持母體供需平衡，促進子宮收縮，有利于消耗掉孕期體內蓄積的多余脂肪。
*誤區七：工作忙碌時，不擠乳也沒關係。
專家提醒，千萬不能偷懶不擠乳，因為，沒有“排空”奶水，不只會導致乳腺發炎，也會影響乳汁分泌量。因此，要養成固定擠乳的習慣，有“訂單需求”，大腦才會持續發出製造乳汁的指令，乳汁分泌量才會充足。
哺乳媽媽飲食建議
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哺乳媽媽要讓寶寶健康無病痛，提供高品質乳汁是關鍵，因此，媽媽們也別忘了照顧自己的飲食，母體營養充足，才能確保乳汁分泌營養充足。
多吃：
母乳含有寶寶所需要的各種營養成分，勝于配方奶粉。
糖類：是熱量的主要來源，可由全麥、穀類、蔬果中獲得。
脂肪：宜儘量攝取不飽和脂肪，如葵花油、蔬菜油等。
蛋白質：由魚、肉、蛋、奶、豆等食物中獲得。
維他命和礦物質：脂溶性維他命（A、D、E、K）、水溶性維他命（B、C）和各種礦物質。
水分：哺乳時所需的水分量較大，所以水的補充量要足夠，也可由湯汁或牛奶中獲得。
避免食用：
＊咖啡與濃茶。
＊含脂肪多的食物，如醃肉、鹹蛋、火腿、豆腐等。
＊過鹹或燻肉、鹹魚、火腿、豆腐等。
＊僅提供熱量，但卻無營養價值的食物，如：糖果、巧克力、甜點、可樂、汽水等。
＊刺激性的調味品，如辣椒、胡椒、咖哩等。
＊煙和酒。
哺乳的好處
---------
A) 母親
1.促進母親和寶寶之間的親密感覺。
2.防止產后流血。
3.自然避孕方法。
4.減少患上乳癌、卵巢癌的几率。
5.迅速恢復生產前的體重和身材。
6.幫助產后子宮收縮，排除惡露，使子宮恢復到產前的大小和彈性。
B)寶寶
1.母乳含有寶寶所需要的各種營養成分，而且分量均衡、溫度適中及容易消化。
2.母乳含有抗菌蛋白質和抗體，幫助保護寶寶，提升免疫能力，減少咳嗽、感冒等几率。
3.母乳保護寶寶免受感染，減少支氣管炎、肺炎、腦膜炎、腹瀉等几率，並且預防寶寶發生腹絞痛、哮喘、鼻子敏感和食物敏感。
4.促進寶寶體格、情緒和大腦的理想發育
5.哺喂母乳會讓寶寶感覺安全被愛，甚至，也可以讓寶寶更漂亮，因為，母乳的吮吸方式和奶瓶不同，必須運用上下顎、嘴唇、雙頰肌肉、寶寶顏面神經肌肉運動也不一樣，咀嚼能力更好，而且，臉型也更好看。
註：產后第一個星期或者兩個星期左右的時間，分泌出來的母乳叫做“初乳”。
抓緊原則正確哺乳
--------------
經常穿梭在產房協助新手媽媽進行哺乳工作的杜巴，無論是哺育自己的孩子，或是幫助媽媽們正確哺乳，都有豐富經驗，她表示哺乳可能出現的狀況雖然因人而異，但是只要抓緊正確原則，一般上都不會有太大問題。
正確哺乳的表征
------------
乳頭延伸至寶寶口內。
寶寶張大口、下巴貼著乳房。
寶寶的鼻子沒有接觸乳房。
寶寶的下唇向外彎曲，涵蓋住的乳暈範圍比上唇多。
寶寶稍稍的向上傾斜、下顎碰觸到乳房。
寶寶吮吸、休息后再緩慢及順暢呼吸。
常見問題改善方法
--------------
“部分媽媽在哺乳過程中可能會出現一些常見問題，往往因為缺乏了解或耐性就放棄哺乳，這是非常可惜的。其實，大部分問題都可以解決，只要稍微調整，還是可以繼續哺乳，讓寶寶獲得最好的營養。”杜巴說哺乳的常見問題包括：
乳房腫脹：乳房開始分泌乳汁時，會充盈、變硬、有觸痛感，有時候會感到疼痛，乳頭和乳暈也會變硬，往往在生產后3至5天時發生。
如何改善？
1.用手擠出乳汁或用吸奶器吸出乳汁，使乳房變軟，擠出足夠乳汁，使乳暈變軟，讓寶寶能很容易吸住。
2.餵奶時輕輕按摩乳房。
3.經常給寶寶餵奶。
4.因乳房沉重須戴乳罩，建議使用不帶鋼絲的支援型或舒適型乳罩。
乳頭疼痛：寶寶沒有吸牢乳頭或寶寶的吃奶姿勢不正確時，往往會發生乳頭疼痛。確保寶寶吸奶時上下顎深深包住乳暈，大約包住乳頭根部向外1/2吋的範圍。寶寶放開乳頭后，乳頭應為圓形挺立狀。
如何預防？
1.如餵奶時感到乳頭被掐痛、磨痛或咬痛，檢查寶寶的姿勢是否正確，以及是否吸正乳頭。
2.餵奶后，暫時不要扣上乳罩，讓乳頭自然晾干幾分鐘。
3.增加給寶寶餵奶的次數，縮短每次餵奶的時間，不要讓寶寶太飢餓。
乳管堵塞：乳管堵塞，會在乳房內形成有觸痛或疼痛感的腫塊。如果不加以治療，可導致感染。寶寶的吃奶姿勢或乳房壓力發生變化時，往往會導致乳管堵塞。
如何改善？
1.每次餵奶前，熱敷乳房15～20分鐘。
2.改變餵奶姿勢，讓寶寶的下巴和顎部對準乳管堵塞部位。
3.讓寶寶先吃乳管堵塞一側的乳房。開始的吮吸較有力，有助緩解堵塞。
乳頭內陷：乳頭凹陷于乳暈皮面之下，而不凸出于乳暈平面，輕者僅為乳頭退縮，重者表現為乳頭凹入甚至翻轉。
是否必須放棄哺乳？
如果寶寶能夠很好地含住乳頭，扁平或內陷的乳頭都不應該影響母乳喂養，不過剛開始的階段可能感覺有點痛。產前進行乳房按摩或揉搓乳頭可以改善乳頭內陷，另外，在開始哺乳的頭幾天，喂奶前使用吸奶器可以幫助內陷的乳頭突出。盡量避免脹奶情況。前幾次餵奶，如果有需要，可以請求專業醫護人員幫忙。
Men, Breast Cancer, and the BRCA Gene Mutation
We generally think of breast cancer as being only a problem for women; but breast cancer can also occur in men, although far less often than in women. On average, breast cancer occurs in less than 1 in 1,000 American men and accounts for less than 0.5 percent of all cancer deaths in men.
If a man carries a BRCA2 mutation, however, he has a much greater lifetime risk (about 7 percent) of developing breast cancer. He also faces an increased risk of prostate cancer. BRCA1 mutations are less likely than BRCA2 mutations to predispose men to breast cancer.
A man should ask his doctor about a screening test for mutations in his BRCA genes if:
several close female relatives have a history of breast or ovarian cancer
a first-degree relative — mother, sister, brother, or offspring — develops breast cancer before age 50, or has had a positive test for a BRCA gene mutation
The median age of onset of breast cancer in men is about 65, approximately 5 to 10 years later than the age of onset among women. In men with a BRCA mutation, breast cancer occurs at an earlier age and is more aggressive than other types of male breast cancer.
The decision to obtain genetic tests for BRCA mutations must be weighed carefully because the most complete test costs about $3,200, and insurance companies may not pay for any or all of these costs unless your doctor provides convincing reasons for obtaining the test.
Even if a man has already developed breast cancer, he should still get a test for a BRCA mutation, for two reasons: First, finding a BRCA2 mutation increases the likelihood of breast cancer in his apparently normal breast and, second, this information may prove valuable for other members of his family.
There is little information on what steps a man might take to detect breast cancer at an early stage, when it is most treatable. He should, however, be alert to the appearance of a painless, firm mass beneath or around the nipple.
Mammography, which is abnormal in more than 80 percent of men with breast cancer, can distinguish cancer from the more common problem of gynecomastia (breast enlargement in men).
If a man carries a BRCA2 mutation, however, he has a much greater lifetime risk (about 7 percent) of developing breast cancer. He also faces an increased risk of prostate cancer. BRCA1 mutations are less likely than BRCA2 mutations to predispose men to breast cancer.
A man should ask his doctor about a screening test for mutations in his BRCA genes if:
several close female relatives have a history of breast or ovarian cancer
a first-degree relative — mother, sister, brother, or offspring — develops breast cancer before age 50, or has had a positive test for a BRCA gene mutation
The median age of onset of breast cancer in men is about 65, approximately 5 to 10 years later than the age of onset among women. In men with a BRCA mutation, breast cancer occurs at an earlier age and is more aggressive than other types of male breast cancer.
The decision to obtain genetic tests for BRCA mutations must be weighed carefully because the most complete test costs about $3,200, and insurance companies may not pay for any or all of these costs unless your doctor provides convincing reasons for obtaining the test.
Even if a man has already developed breast cancer, he should still get a test for a BRCA mutation, for two reasons: First, finding a BRCA2 mutation increases the likelihood of breast cancer in his apparently normal breast and, second, this information may prove valuable for other members of his family.
There is little information on what steps a man might take to detect breast cancer at an early stage, when it is most treatable. He should, however, be alert to the appearance of a painless, firm mass beneath or around the nipple.
Mammography, which is abnormal in more than 80 percent of men with breast cancer, can distinguish cancer from the more common problem of gynecomastia (breast enlargement in men).
The Morning After Pill - Without a Prescription
Some time ago, I served for several years on a U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory committee. All of us recognized that our role was purely advisory and that our recommendations might either be accepted or rejected.
We did feel, however, that the final decisions were based solely on scientific and medical factors, as they always should be. There is no legitimate place for political influence in the approval of medications.
That's not the case with the FDA's recent approval of over-the-counter purchase of the contraceptive drug popularly known as "Plan B" or "morning after pill." The long-awaited approval hinged on a political compromise that limits nonprescription purchase of the drug to women aged 18 or older.
Andrew von Eschenbach, acting head of the FDA, claimed there was uncertainty about the drug's safety in younger women in an apparent effort to downplay the political motivation for the age limit. Yet staff scientists at the FDA concluded two years ago that nonprescription sales of the drug would be safe for women of all reproductive ages.
Back in 1994, the FDA approved sales of Plan B pills by prescription only with no age restriction, and today teenagers younger than 18 can still obtain Plan B with a prescription. Several years ago an FDA advisory committee recommended over-the-counter sales of Plan B by an overwhelming 23-4 vote.
But political appointees at the FDA did not implement the committee's recommendation, presumably bowing to pressure from high-ranking members of the administration - probably the president himself. Apparently, the conservative right worries that availability of a morning after pill would increase teenage promiscuity.
I suppose it's all right for a 17-year-old girl and her family to face the many problems of an unwanted pregnancy because she couldn't get Plan B pills. After all, her sacrifice is protecting other teenagers, who might be more tempted to practice unprotected sex if they knew they could get Plan B pills without a prescription. Give me a break!
There is no evidence of dramatic increases in teen sex in the nine states that have allowed nonprescription sales of Plan B to women of all ages. For now, over-the-counter sales of Plan B must remain a limited victory, because it will do nothing to reduce the high rate of teenage pregnancy in this country. (And, as with all other non-barrier methods of birth control, Plan B will not protect against sexually transmitted infections.)
Groups in favor of allowing nonprescription sales of Plan B to women of all ages will continue their fight. Meanwhile, the long political impasse on the confirmation of the FDA's chief will undoubtedly end with congressional confirmation of Dr. von Eschenbach.
The "morning after pill" is not a very accurate name for this drug. Plan B requires taking two pills, each containing a large dose of levonorgestrel, a component of many birth control pills already on the market. It should more appropriately be called the "72 hours after" pill, because the first of the two pills must be taken within 72 hours after unprotected sex. The second pill is taken 12 hours after the first.
Plan B is said to be 90 percent effective in preventing pregnancy, though its effectiveness is a function of how soon after intercourse the first pill is taken. How many teenagers too young to buy Plan B over the counter will be sophisticated enough to get and fill a Plan B prescription after unprotected sex on a Saturday night? Even if she were eligible for nonprescription Plan B, could the teenager afford $25 to $50, the projected cost of the two Plan B pills? Unlike prescription Plan B, the cost of nonprescription Plan B is unlikely to be covered by health insurance.
Nonprescription Plan B is expected to be available in pharmacies in early 2007. A photo ID will be required to enforce the age requirement. At least these women will not have to take off their shoes as they do at airports.
We did feel, however, that the final decisions were based solely on scientific and medical factors, as they always should be. There is no legitimate place for political influence in the approval of medications.
That's not the case with the FDA's recent approval of over-the-counter purchase of the contraceptive drug popularly known as "Plan B" or "morning after pill." The long-awaited approval hinged on a political compromise that limits nonprescription purchase of the drug to women aged 18 or older.
Andrew von Eschenbach, acting head of the FDA, claimed there was uncertainty about the drug's safety in younger women in an apparent effort to downplay the political motivation for the age limit. Yet staff scientists at the FDA concluded two years ago that nonprescription sales of the drug would be safe for women of all reproductive ages.
Back in 1994, the FDA approved sales of Plan B pills by prescription only with no age restriction, and today teenagers younger than 18 can still obtain Plan B with a prescription. Several years ago an FDA advisory committee recommended over-the-counter sales of Plan B by an overwhelming 23-4 vote.
But political appointees at the FDA did not implement the committee's recommendation, presumably bowing to pressure from high-ranking members of the administration - probably the president himself. Apparently, the conservative right worries that availability of a morning after pill would increase teenage promiscuity.
I suppose it's all right for a 17-year-old girl and her family to face the many problems of an unwanted pregnancy because she couldn't get Plan B pills. After all, her sacrifice is protecting other teenagers, who might be more tempted to practice unprotected sex if they knew they could get Plan B pills without a prescription. Give me a break!
There is no evidence of dramatic increases in teen sex in the nine states that have allowed nonprescription sales of Plan B to women of all ages. For now, over-the-counter sales of Plan B must remain a limited victory, because it will do nothing to reduce the high rate of teenage pregnancy in this country. (And, as with all other non-barrier methods of birth control, Plan B will not protect against sexually transmitted infections.)
Groups in favor of allowing nonprescription sales of Plan B to women of all ages will continue their fight. Meanwhile, the long political impasse on the confirmation of the FDA's chief will undoubtedly end with congressional confirmation of Dr. von Eschenbach.
The "morning after pill" is not a very accurate name for this drug. Plan B requires taking two pills, each containing a large dose of levonorgestrel, a component of many birth control pills already on the market. It should more appropriately be called the "72 hours after" pill, because the first of the two pills must be taken within 72 hours after unprotected sex. The second pill is taken 12 hours after the first.
Plan B is said to be 90 percent effective in preventing pregnancy, though its effectiveness is a function of how soon after intercourse the first pill is taken. How many teenagers too young to buy Plan B over the counter will be sophisticated enough to get and fill a Plan B prescription after unprotected sex on a Saturday night? Even if she were eligible for nonprescription Plan B, could the teenager afford $25 to $50, the projected cost of the two Plan B pills? Unlike prescription Plan B, the cost of nonprescription Plan B is unlikely to be covered by health insurance.
Nonprescription Plan B is expected to be available in pharmacies in early 2007. A photo ID will be required to enforce the age requirement. At least these women will not have to take off their shoes as they do at airports.
Breakthrough: Circumcision Lowers Risk of HIV Infection
Huge news in the fight against the spread of AIDS: Two studies in African countries have yielded conclusive evidence that circumcision more than halves the chances that a man will acquire an HIV infection.
AIDS experts call the findings extraordinary — as important as the initial identification of the virus and the development of life-saving treatment with drug combinations.
They predict that widespread circumcision in Africa could prevent 2 million infections and 300,000 deaths over the next 10 years. Implementation of mass circumcision, however, faces ethical and religious barriers, and too few health care workers are available to perform these numbers of safe circumcisions.
The studies, published in February in The Lancet, confirmed the results of an earlier report from South Africa which showed that circumcision reduced the risk of AIDS by 60 percent. Both studies were supported by the National Institutes of Health and were stopped early because of the strong evidence that circumcision protects against HIV.
Scientists believe that circumcision is effective because it removes tissue which contains cells that are most sensitive to infection by the HIV virus.
Circumcision presumably protects men in the U.S., as well. However, it remains critical for circumcised men to continue using condoms since circumcision does not eliminate all risk. And it is not clear whether circumcision reduces the risk that an HIV-infected man will transmit the infection to his sexual partners.
AIDS experts call the findings extraordinary — as important as the initial identification of the virus and the development of life-saving treatment with drug combinations.
They predict that widespread circumcision in Africa could prevent 2 million infections and 300,000 deaths over the next 10 years. Implementation of mass circumcision, however, faces ethical and religious barriers, and too few health care workers are available to perform these numbers of safe circumcisions.
The studies, published in February in The Lancet, confirmed the results of an earlier report from South Africa which showed that circumcision reduced the risk of AIDS by 60 percent. Both studies were supported by the National Institutes of Health and were stopped early because of the strong evidence that circumcision protects against HIV.
Scientists believe that circumcision is effective because it removes tissue which contains cells that are most sensitive to infection by the HIV virus.
Circumcision presumably protects men in the U.S., as well. However, it remains critical for circumcised men to continue using condoms since circumcision does not eliminate all risk. And it is not clear whether circumcision reduces the risk that an HIV-infected man will transmit the infection to his sexual partners.
Should All Girls Get Cervical Cancer Vaccine?
Last spring the FDA approved a long-awaited vaccine to protect against cervical cancer. Now people are wondering who should be vaccinated and when.
Cancer of the cervix (the outer end of the uterus) causes nearly 4,000 deaths a year among women in the U.S. Most cervical cancers are caused by infections with certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), which also can produce warts. In trials, the vaccine Gardasil has completely prevented infections caused by about half of these cancer-causing strains of HPV. The vaccine is given in a series of three shots over a six-month period.
The ideal time for vaccinating girls is before they become sexually active. Some public health officials have advocated mandatory vaccination for all girls before they reach puberty, just as certain other vaccines are required before children can enter public schools.
But conservative groups have argued that immunizing preteens would encourage sexual activity. They oppose a requirement for immunization. Some of them may even prefer a delay in voluntary administration of the vaccine.
I can't believe that a young girl would be encouraged to engage in sex by thinking, "Well, it's all right to go ahead and have sex. I got the vaccine so I'm not going to get cervical cancer 20 to 40 years from now." The reality is that young girls may choose to have sex no matter what we adults think. Why not protect them now from a disease that could kill them?
Though I have mixed feelings about mandatory vaccination with Gardasil, I would surely advise it for every girl before puberty. Once an infection occurs, it is too late to provide this protection against cervical cancer.
Cancer of the cervix (the outer end of the uterus) causes nearly 4,000 deaths a year among women in the U.S. Most cervical cancers are caused by infections with certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), which also can produce warts. In trials, the vaccine Gardasil has completely prevented infections caused by about half of these cancer-causing strains of HPV. The vaccine is given in a series of three shots over a six-month period.
The ideal time for vaccinating girls is before they become sexually active. Some public health officials have advocated mandatory vaccination for all girls before they reach puberty, just as certain other vaccines are required before children can enter public schools.
But conservative groups have argued that immunizing preteens would encourage sexual activity. They oppose a requirement for immunization. Some of them may even prefer a delay in voluntary administration of the vaccine.
I can't believe that a young girl would be encouraged to engage in sex by thinking, "Well, it's all right to go ahead and have sex. I got the vaccine so I'm not going to get cervical cancer 20 to 40 years from now." The reality is that young girls may choose to have sex no matter what we adults think. Why not protect them now from a disease that could kill them?
Though I have mixed feelings about mandatory vaccination with Gardasil, I would surely advise it for every girl before puberty. Once an infection occurs, it is too late to provide this protection against cervical cancer.
Faith-based Medicine
For decades Catholic hospitals have followed the practice of declining to perform abortions or to deliver other services they interpret as interrupting life after conception.
But lately I've been hearing about a new type of faith-based medical practice in private medical clinics: doctors, mostly obstetrician-gynecologists or family practitioners, who tailor their medical care to their faith and ethical beliefs. Many so-called "faith-based" practices are opening in rural areas where people have limited access to more conventional medicine.
These doctors offer "natural family planning," a process of counseling and education that enables a woman, by monitoring her body temperature, to time her intercourse so that pregnancy will be more or less likely. The same doctors shun modern measures like intra-uterine devices, the morning-after pill, abortions, sterilizations, and in vitro fertilizations.
But it is simply not true, as these doctors claim, that natural family planning is as effective as birth control pills or other contraceptive measures. I and many other doctors also object to their implication that using pills and devices to avoid unwanted pregnancy is equivalent to abortion.
I have no problem with faith-based practices that allow doctors and patients to avoid discussions of issues they both find objectionable. But it is not good enough for these doctors and clinics merely to state that they provide natural family planning. Rather, I believe that patients must be fully informed that the medical care offered in these private clinics does not include all medical options that their patients can legally consider.
I really believe, however, it is best for all patients to be made aware of every measure for protecting and promoting their health, not only for birth control but also for other aspects of their well-being and medical care.
I read in one article that in some clinics doctors routinely pray for their patients as a form of therapy. I can only say that, the moment a doctor starts to pray for me as a form of treatment, "I'm outta here!" I look to my doctors for good medical care, not divine intervention.
Here's an example of a different and unacceptable "faith-based" practice: pharmacists who refuse to fill prescriptions for oral contraceptives and possibly other medications which, for religious reasons, they do not feel should be used by any patient. If any pharmacists continue to behave in this manner, I believe their licenses should be revoked.
The job of a pharmacist is to dispense medicines ordered by a patient's doctor, not to decide unilaterally which ones they believe are suitable. It sounds too much like President Bush, who signs bills passed by Congress, but then indicates which portions of the bills he will not follow or enforce.
But lately I've been hearing about a new type of faith-based medical practice in private medical clinics: doctors, mostly obstetrician-gynecologists or family practitioners, who tailor their medical care to their faith and ethical beliefs. Many so-called "faith-based" practices are opening in rural areas where people have limited access to more conventional medicine.
These doctors offer "natural family planning," a process of counseling and education that enables a woman, by monitoring her body temperature, to time her intercourse so that pregnancy will be more or less likely. The same doctors shun modern measures like intra-uterine devices, the morning-after pill, abortions, sterilizations, and in vitro fertilizations.
But it is simply not true, as these doctors claim, that natural family planning is as effective as birth control pills or other contraceptive measures. I and many other doctors also object to their implication that using pills and devices to avoid unwanted pregnancy is equivalent to abortion.
I have no problem with faith-based practices that allow doctors and patients to avoid discussions of issues they both find objectionable. But it is not good enough for these doctors and clinics merely to state that they provide natural family planning. Rather, I believe that patients must be fully informed that the medical care offered in these private clinics does not include all medical options that their patients can legally consider.
I really believe, however, it is best for all patients to be made aware of every measure for protecting and promoting their health, not only for birth control but also for other aspects of their well-being and medical care.
I read in one article that in some clinics doctors routinely pray for their patients as a form of therapy. I can only say that, the moment a doctor starts to pray for me as a form of treatment, "I'm outta here!" I look to my doctors for good medical care, not divine intervention.
Here's an example of a different and unacceptable "faith-based" practice: pharmacists who refuse to fill prescriptions for oral contraceptives and possibly other medications which, for religious reasons, they do not feel should be used by any patient. If any pharmacists continue to behave in this manner, I believe their licenses should be revoked.
The job of a pharmacist is to dispense medicines ordered by a patient's doctor, not to decide unilaterally which ones they believe are suitable. It sounds too much like President Bush, who signs bills passed by Congress, but then indicates which portions of the bills he will not follow or enforce.
12 Pregnancy Myths Worth Ignoring
It's not surprising that a large number of myths have arisen regarding the unique challenges associated with pregnancy.
Dr. Robert H. Shmerling, a physician at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and a member of the faculty at Harvard Medical School, has unearthed the following sample of 12 pregnancy myths that he says can be safely ignored. I've never heard of any of these myths; but then, I've never been pregnant.
The worse your morning sickness, the more likely you are to have a girl. (Dr. Shmerling does point out, however, that several studies have shown that women who are hospitalized for morning sickness are slightly more likely to deliver a girl.)
If you raise your arms above your head while pregnant (as when hanging up clothes on a clothesline), the baby will get the cord wrapped around its neck.
If you get a lot of heartburn during pregnancy, your baby will have a thick head of hair.
Avoid sleeping on your back; or, always sleep on your left side.
To keep your unborn child safe, avoid sex and exercise during pregnancy.
You should not touch a cat while pregnant. Women are indeed advised not to handle their cat's litter while pregnant because a cat's stool may carry a parasite that can cause toxoplasmosis, a serious infection in the mother and a possible cause of deformities in the fetus. However, other activities, such as petting your cat or allowing it to sit on your lap, are not prohibited. If you want complete peace of mind about this, you can have your cat tested for toxoplasmosis.
If you are pregnant, you cannot have x-rays and should avoid microwaves and computer terminals. Excessive or needless radiation should always be avoided, pregnant or not, but you should follow your doctor's recommendations for x-rays that are necessary. Modern microwave ovens and computer terminals do not expose the fetus to harmful radiation.
Don't take a bath if you are pregnant.
If the weather is stormy or the moon is full, you are more likely to go into labor, even if you are weeks away from your due date.
Avoid spicy foods — they can trigger labor before you are ready.
Avoid bumpy car rides — they can trigger labor; or, labor can be triggered by being bumped in the abdomen or by lifting groceries.
You can determine your baby's gender by the position of sexual intercourse when the baby was conceived, and by how your baby is situated in the womb.
Dr. Robert H. Shmerling, a physician at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and a member of the faculty at Harvard Medical School, has unearthed the following sample of 12 pregnancy myths that he says can be safely ignored. I've never heard of any of these myths; but then, I've never been pregnant.
The worse your morning sickness, the more likely you are to have a girl. (Dr. Shmerling does point out, however, that several studies have shown that women who are hospitalized for morning sickness are slightly more likely to deliver a girl.)
If you raise your arms above your head while pregnant (as when hanging up clothes on a clothesline), the baby will get the cord wrapped around its neck.
If you get a lot of heartburn during pregnancy, your baby will have a thick head of hair.
Avoid sleeping on your back; or, always sleep on your left side.
To keep your unborn child safe, avoid sex and exercise during pregnancy.
You should not touch a cat while pregnant. Women are indeed advised not to handle their cat's litter while pregnant because a cat's stool may carry a parasite that can cause toxoplasmosis, a serious infection in the mother and a possible cause of deformities in the fetus. However, other activities, such as petting your cat or allowing it to sit on your lap, are not prohibited. If you want complete peace of mind about this, you can have your cat tested for toxoplasmosis.
If you are pregnant, you cannot have x-rays and should avoid microwaves and computer terminals. Excessive or needless radiation should always be avoided, pregnant or not, but you should follow your doctor's recommendations for x-rays that are necessary. Modern microwave ovens and computer terminals do not expose the fetus to harmful radiation.
Don't take a bath if you are pregnant.
If the weather is stormy or the moon is full, you are more likely to go into labor, even if you are weeks away from your due date.
Avoid spicy foods — they can trigger labor before you are ready.
Avoid bumpy car rides — they can trigger labor; or, labor can be triggered by being bumped in the abdomen or by lifting groceries.
You can determine your baby's gender by the position of sexual intercourse when the baby was conceived, and by how your baby is situated in the womb.
New Pill: Stops Menstruation and Prevents Pregnancy
The FDA has approved Lybrel, a birth control pill that halts menstrual periods and prevents pregnancy for as long as a woman uses it.
This pill, which will soon be marketed in packs of 24, is taken every day, without the standard four- to seven-day break that causes women using the common oral contraceptives to continue having menstrual periods.
The major problem with the new pill is unscheduled bleeding or spotting, which was the main reason that about half of the more than 2,400 women stopped taking the pills during two, year-long clinical trials.
A large percentage of the women who completed the trials also reported having spotting or bleeding on an average of four to five days during each 28-day cycle. The researchers say that such bleeding events will probably become less frequent after a woman takes the pill for a longer period of time.
Lybrel — a combination of low doses of two hormones, a progestational agent (levonorgestrel) and ethinyl estradiol, both of which are found in many but not all current oral contraceptives — had no other significant adverse effects during the trials.
Oral contraceptives, however, are associated with an increased risk of blood clots and dangerous emboli that can cause a stroke. These adverse effects of oral contraceptives are more common in cigarette smokers and older women.
Therefore, the FDA has asked the drug manufacturer, Wyeth, to carry out a post-marketing study to determine the risk of blood clots and any other possible long-term risks of taking Lybrel. In addition, unexpected pregnancies have occurred in some women taking low-dose birth control pills.
And there's a yet another consideration with Lybrel: since women taking it will not have the warning of a missed period to suggest pregnancy, they will need to get a pregnancy test whenever they suspect they are pregnant.
Given the inconvenience of unscheduled bleeding, as well as uncertainties about long-term safety, should women take Lybrel? Those who are moderately troubled by their menstrual periods might give the drug a try, to determine if they might be among the minority of women who do not experience break-through bleeding.
But the most suitable candidates for this pill are women who have severe cramps and other bothersome symptoms with their menstrual periods. Relief of these symptoms may well trump any problems caused by unscheduled bleeding.
A third option is to await the outcome of long-term safety studies carried out by Wyeth after the pills have been taken by large numbers of women.
However, considering the poor record of drug companies in doing these post-marketing studies, and the failure of the FDA to sanction companies for not completing them, women should not hold their breaths in hopes that they will soon be assured of the long-term safety of Lybrel.
This pill, which will soon be marketed in packs of 24, is taken every day, without the standard four- to seven-day break that causes women using the common oral contraceptives to continue having menstrual periods.
The major problem with the new pill is unscheduled bleeding or spotting, which was the main reason that about half of the more than 2,400 women stopped taking the pills during two, year-long clinical trials.
A large percentage of the women who completed the trials also reported having spotting or bleeding on an average of four to five days during each 28-day cycle. The researchers say that such bleeding events will probably become less frequent after a woman takes the pill for a longer period of time.
Lybrel — a combination of low doses of two hormones, a progestational agent (levonorgestrel) and ethinyl estradiol, both of which are found in many but not all current oral contraceptives — had no other significant adverse effects during the trials.
Oral contraceptives, however, are associated with an increased risk of blood clots and dangerous emboli that can cause a stroke. These adverse effects of oral contraceptives are more common in cigarette smokers and older women.
Therefore, the FDA has asked the drug manufacturer, Wyeth, to carry out a post-marketing study to determine the risk of blood clots and any other possible long-term risks of taking Lybrel. In addition, unexpected pregnancies have occurred in some women taking low-dose birth control pills.
And there's a yet another consideration with Lybrel: since women taking it will not have the warning of a missed period to suggest pregnancy, they will need to get a pregnancy test whenever they suspect they are pregnant.
Given the inconvenience of unscheduled bleeding, as well as uncertainties about long-term safety, should women take Lybrel? Those who are moderately troubled by their menstrual periods might give the drug a try, to determine if they might be among the minority of women who do not experience break-through bleeding.
But the most suitable candidates for this pill are women who have severe cramps and other bothersome symptoms with their menstrual periods. Relief of these symptoms may well trump any problems caused by unscheduled bleeding.
A third option is to await the outcome of long-term safety studies carried out by Wyeth after the pills have been taken by large numbers of women.
However, considering the poor record of drug companies in doing these post-marketing studies, and the failure of the FDA to sanction companies for not completing them, women should not hold their breaths in hopes that they will soon be assured of the long-term safety of Lybrel.
Dealing With a Positive Gene Test for Breast Cancer
Your test for a BRCA gene mutation has come back positive —what now? Here are some options available to you for early identification or prevention of cancers associated with BRCA mutations:
Intensive surveillance for early evidence of breast cancer
Chemoprevention to try to reduce the risk of, or to delay the development of breast cancer
Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy (the surgical removal of both breasts before the formation of cancerous cells)
Surgical removal of ovaries and Fallopian tubes
Frequent surveillance.
The American Cancer Society recommends frequent surveillance with both conventional mammography and with MRI screening. If you have a BRCA mutation, you should start getting an annual mammogram at about age 25. And, although MRI screening is more expensive than regular mammography ($1,000 to $2,000 for MRI compared with $100 to $200 for mammography), an MRI is more sensitive, especially in women with dense breasts.
It is more difficult to identify early ovarian cancer. Possible screening tests include annual or semiannual transvaginal ultrasound, as well as blood tests for detecting CA-125 levels. (CA-125 is a protein present in higher-than-normal amounts in the blood and urine of patients with certain cancers.) These tests should start before age 35.
Chemoprevention.
Some studies have shown that chemoprevention treatment with estrogen-like agents, tamoxifen or possibly raloxifene, reduced the risk of developing breast cancer in women with BRCA mutations. These findings are somewhat surprising because BRCA1 mutations are generally associated with estrogen-negative breast cancers (cancers whose growth is not affected by estrogen and that usually don't respond to the administration of tamoxifen or raloxifene). Some studies have shown a reduction of ovarian cancer by as much as 60 percent when women with BRCA mutations use oral contraceptives.
Bilateral mastectomy.
Prophylactic removal of both breasts is unappealing, but is about 90 percent effective in preventing breast cancer in women at high risk. Because identification of cancer in one breast is associated with a high likelihood (at least 30 percent) of cancer in the other breast, removal of the apparently normal breast or treatment with tamoxifen should be considered.
Surgical removal of ovaries and Fallopian tubes. Prophylactic removal of both ovaries and Fallopian tubes lowers the risk of cancers at these sites by nearly 100 percent. Since ovarian cancer occurs later than breast cancer, such surgical procedures can be delayed until age 35, or after childbearing is completed. For reasons that are unclear, removal of both ovaries before menopause also halves the risk of breast cancer.
© 2007 Johns Hopkins University. All Rights Reserved. This article from Johns Hopkins University is provided as a service by Yahoo. All materials are produced independently by Johns Hopkins University, which is solely responsible for its content.
Intensive surveillance for early evidence of breast cancer
Chemoprevention to try to reduce the risk of, or to delay the development of breast cancer
Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy (the surgical removal of both breasts before the formation of cancerous cells)
Surgical removal of ovaries and Fallopian tubes
Frequent surveillance.
The American Cancer Society recommends frequent surveillance with both conventional mammography and with MRI screening. If you have a BRCA mutation, you should start getting an annual mammogram at about age 25. And, although MRI screening is more expensive than regular mammography ($1,000 to $2,000 for MRI compared with $100 to $200 for mammography), an MRI is more sensitive, especially in women with dense breasts.
It is more difficult to identify early ovarian cancer. Possible screening tests include annual or semiannual transvaginal ultrasound, as well as blood tests for detecting CA-125 levels. (CA-125 is a protein present in higher-than-normal amounts in the blood and urine of patients with certain cancers.) These tests should start before age 35.
Chemoprevention.
Some studies have shown that chemoprevention treatment with estrogen-like agents, tamoxifen or possibly raloxifene, reduced the risk of developing breast cancer in women with BRCA mutations. These findings are somewhat surprising because BRCA1 mutations are generally associated with estrogen-negative breast cancers (cancers whose growth is not affected by estrogen and that usually don't respond to the administration of tamoxifen or raloxifene). Some studies have shown a reduction of ovarian cancer by as much as 60 percent when women with BRCA mutations use oral contraceptives.
Bilateral mastectomy.
Prophylactic removal of both breasts is unappealing, but is about 90 percent effective in preventing breast cancer in women at high risk. Because identification of cancer in one breast is associated with a high likelihood (at least 30 percent) of cancer in the other breast, removal of the apparently normal breast or treatment with tamoxifen should be considered.
Surgical removal of ovaries and Fallopian tubes. Prophylactic removal of both ovaries and Fallopian tubes lowers the risk of cancers at these sites by nearly 100 percent. Since ovarian cancer occurs later than breast cancer, such surgical procedures can be delayed until age 35, or after childbearing is completed. For reasons that are unclear, removal of both ovaries before menopause also halves the risk of breast cancer.
© 2007 Johns Hopkins University. All Rights Reserved. This article from Johns Hopkins University is provided as a service by Yahoo. All materials are produced independently by Johns Hopkins University, which is solely responsible for its content.
Monday, August 25, 2008
性≠情色≠太膚淺,認真看待性息
性≠情色≠太膚淺,認真看待性息
過去的社會，視「性」為禁忌，以不談不碰應對，留下許多誤解和迷思，也給人類帶來很多焦慮和不安。
然而，男女雙方要互相了解，兩性之間的尊重才得以建立，性教育除了教身體結構，更應教導兩性平等的觀念，正确掌握人際關係的性意義，並非膚淺得只剩「情色」因素。
類的“阿Ｑ精神”，真的是時刻都發揮作用，安慰自己的事，從家庭教育的腐敗到性醜聞不外揚，無論大小或應不應該，人們總是選擇一件件遺忘，或一件件隱藏。
追根究底，只能說是傳統想法在作祟，因為在這個科技社會，仍有許多人寧願選擇活在“知道得越少，越沒機會靠近風暴”的安慰中，誰也不願當先鋒，從風暴中學習，提早練就應對工夫。
雖然，許多浮現的社會問題只是冰山一角，但當下起著敲醒部分人們的警戒之心。只是極度落后的“性教育”資訊，使需要的人得不到幫助，而熱心推廣者也諸多磨難。13年前，受台灣樹德科技大學人類性學所的林燕卿教授影響，郭富美老師開始了在大馬的“性教育”推廣之路。
愈封閉愈嚴重
十幾年來，性教育的推廣，像革命般在沙漠中開江河，在荒野開道路一樣，困難重重。可惜人手敵不過科技，性觀念的崩離已祭出警訊，郭富美老師告訴記者，“今天足不出戶的孩子，一個手機就可以讓他們與色情接軌，或墮入感情陷阱裡。有些東西，你不找它，它也會來找你。
大部分女生在青春期開始時，很不喜歡當女生，因為有月經，很麻煩。為人母親者可以稍為諒解，聽女兒的抱怨，就不會令女生有那么大的困擾了。“愈封閉的環境，性問題就愈是隱藏，到最后甚至演變成嚴重的后果。例如，被性侵害的事件，因為受害人不敢說，或沒有足夠的性知識，瞭解那就是性侵害。施害者都有一套說詞，甚至說這樣的（性侵害）行為是為你驅魔趕鬼，無知的人就信以為真。有時受害者知道被性侵害，卻不敢或不知該怎么去處理，結果事情拖到很久后才被揭發，但已經太遲了。
”
2006年，郭老師出版了《親密．快樂．成長》，給青少年們提供了一個愛情、性教育的思考空間，點出性教育在青少年時期的重要性；第二本書《父母也是性教育高手》上個月出版，有感于父母與其等別人來教自己的孩子，還不如自力救濟，自己來教性教育。
掌握 正確性意義
大馬的性教育，如今仍停留在空喊口號的時代，嘴上說性教育很重要，實際上對它一無所知。
然而，為什么要教性教育呢？郭富美老師十多年來不厭其煩地提醒，希望大家掌握更多性教育知識，因為它不止是性器官教育，更不是性行為教育，而是正确掌握人際關係的性意義，所以她希望父母們，不要把教育孩子性教育的權利交託他人手中。
性教育的目的：
1.每個人都有認識、瞭解自己身體的權利，包括生理、心理、社會等等層面。
2.每個人都需要為自己的行為負責，並願意承擔后果。
3.性教育是尊重與隱私（界限），如男女之間的愛情，不是用性換來的，若其中一方不願意，另一方應給予尊重。
4.提供正確性知識，如青少年被朋友誤導，說朋友的精液是紫色的，信以為真，一度懷疑自己有病。
5.幫助個人對性行為有所覺察，學會如何保護自己，分清楚什么是性騷擾、強暴、性病與愛滋病等等。
6.減輕發展過程中所產生的害怕與焦慮，如青少年發育期的身體變化，像月經與夢遺，孩子們有準備，自然不會害怕面對。
7.鼓勵尋求有效解決問題的方法。
8.建立滿意的人際關係，像兩性交往的問題，如約會、戀愛、分手等.
親子 了解彼此看法
時代不同，當今人們對感情及性的價值觀也跟著改變。最近郭富美老師就輔導過一對母女。她說，母親很生氣女兒花了500令吉電話費，在旁敲側擊的情況下，知道女兒最近交了男朋友，每天晚上忙著煲電話粥或傳短訊，有時甚至半夜都還在談電話。
“媽媽連珠炮地追查對方的底細，覺得女兒欺騙自己，但女兒一臉委屈，說和男朋友才開始不久，關係還沒有確定，所以還沒準備要讓母親知道。我聽了覺得還滿有道理的，點頭表示同意。誰知母親馬上接著說：還說不確定，老公老婆的叫，是什么意思？原來老媽已經查過女兒電話裡的短訊，知道女兒與男友的對話情況。”
“‘老公老婆’這種稱呼，就和現在學生在‘男女朋友’的定義上，和上一個時代，的確有很大的差距。我最后跟母親說，聽完女兒所說，就明白事情並不沒有那么嚴重。重要的是女兒願意說出她的想法，只要瞭解后就不會那么害怕擔心了。”郭老師覺得這件事，她看見的是，親子間必須學會先瞭解彼此的看法，就可能避免和化解衝突。
除了親子，男女間在生理和心理就有很大的不同，在情感上更是大有出入，做父母的總是擔心，希望把孩子守在身邊，害怕孩子被社會上的豺狼虎豹吃掉。
“太多父母以為把孩子守住便好，但在這個科技社會，足不出戶的孩子，也有機會接觸到形形色色的性信息。要收到色情相片或影片，真的是太簡單了，朋友間相互分享、手機的垃圾短訊，自動送上門，你能擋得了多少？”
男女 齊學拼和諧
因為許多的迷思，性教育永遠讓人覺得它多了一層神秘面紗。記者相信，現在仍有人是用傳統的方法教孩子性教育，在自己的經驗中及從不少人的口中得知，一幕如郭富美老師敘述的以下場景，依然鮮明。
“傳統性教育是男女分開教，而如何使用衛生棉，多數是衛生棉公司派人來教。這是非常不足夠的。男生永遠好奇，女人是怎么回事？因為不知道，所以會作弄女生，或是以很不屑的態度來看：女人的事，不關我事！”
“許多老師反映，一開始上性教育課會很轟動，很難應付，但我覺得唯有一起教，在課堂上很坦誠的讓學生明白，學生最后會很專注要去瞭解，大家就會覺得很自在坦然，就不會那么神秘了。”
“我們的性教育教材都是男女一起教，因為男女生一定要互相瞭解，才會彼此尊重，最后才能達到和諧共處的目標。”
男女 價值觀大不同
從來男女之間都存在許多差異，在性觀念上更是如此，不了解的人往往會在愛情裡連番跌跤，很多女生會以性來換取愛，相信只要有性行為就能綁住對方；但很多男生會認為可以用錢來買愛情，所以會不斷買東西給女生。
“女生在選擇男朋友時，確是很在乎錢，因為是安全感的來源。結果很多女人結婚后，先生每天忙著賺錢，所以常不在家，又開始抱怨先生沒有時間陪她。先生很無奈的問：那妳想我怎樣？要錢又要時間！
“所以我跟女中學生說，如果妳要大屋大車，妳的先生一定不會在家；如果妳希望先生能常陪妳，就請妳也要努力，賺多一份收入，這樣才可能如妳所願。”
以上種種，在在說明男女雙方有互相了解的必要，因為這樣才不會讓人一直陷于迷思，使另外一方造成傷害。
所以，當務之急，性教育不能等，自己來教吧！
註：部分資料摘錄自郭富美的著作及部落格。
禁止 起不了作用
現代父母對青少年最擔心的，莫過于在感情中迷失自己，像日前才發生的“新山少女短訊約會被姦成孕”及“少女集體離家出走”等事件，這些社會新聞版上的例子，無不叫為人父母者心驚膽跳，怕自己的疏忽再釀悲劇。
對此，郭富美老師認為，問題得回歸至家庭。家庭有問題，得不到應有的照顧、關心及溫暖，孩子到了十幾歲時自然就往外面找。可是往往找到的都是不適合的對象，發生了性關係，有了孩子或草草結婚，婚姻不幸福，又繼續胡亂過一生。到孩子長大，又是十幾歲出事，仿彿進入惡性循環，一代一代傳下去。
“他們的例子，正說明了父母沒有給孩子足夠的性教育，到青春期時只會禁止孩子這樣那樣不可以，到最后什么事情都發生了。”
仔細回想，許多父母在生活上難以啟口的性教育問題，再看郭富美老師的書，很多迷思都可從中找到答案。雖然從前有人認為郭富美老師推廣的性教育很前衛，但她仍然堅持這才是正確的.
“或者有些人認為在課堂上討論人體器官，很惡心，但基于自我保護的理由，我寧可在課堂上
先嚇學生，最多是惡心，不舒服一次，這是很正常的反應。接下來再去談如何面對性騷擾、性侵害就容易多了。”
過去的社會，視「性」為禁忌，以不談不碰應對，留下許多誤解和迷思，也給人類帶來很多焦慮和不安。
然而，男女雙方要互相了解，兩性之間的尊重才得以建立，性教育除了教身體結構，更應教導兩性平等的觀念，正确掌握人際關係的性意義，並非膚淺得只剩「情色」因素。
類的“阿Ｑ精神”，真的是時刻都發揮作用，安慰自己的事，從家庭教育的腐敗到性醜聞不外揚，無論大小或應不應該，人們總是選擇一件件遺忘，或一件件隱藏。
追根究底，只能說是傳統想法在作祟，因為在這個科技社會，仍有許多人寧願選擇活在“知道得越少，越沒機會靠近風暴”的安慰中，誰也不願當先鋒，從風暴中學習，提早練就應對工夫。
雖然，許多浮現的社會問題只是冰山一角，但當下起著敲醒部分人們的警戒之心。只是極度落后的“性教育”資訊，使需要的人得不到幫助，而熱心推廣者也諸多磨難。13年前，受台灣樹德科技大學人類性學所的林燕卿教授影響，郭富美老師開始了在大馬的“性教育”推廣之路。
愈封閉愈嚴重
十幾年來，性教育的推廣，像革命般在沙漠中開江河，在荒野開道路一樣，困難重重。可惜人手敵不過科技，性觀念的崩離已祭出警訊，郭富美老師告訴記者，“今天足不出戶的孩子，一個手機就可以讓他們與色情接軌，或墮入感情陷阱裡。有些東西，你不找它，它也會來找你。
大部分女生在青春期開始時，很不喜歡當女生，因為有月經，很麻煩。為人母親者可以稍為諒解，聽女兒的抱怨，就不會令女生有那么大的困擾了。“愈封閉的環境，性問題就愈是隱藏，到最后甚至演變成嚴重的后果。例如，被性侵害的事件，因為受害人不敢說，或沒有足夠的性知識，瞭解那就是性侵害。施害者都有一套說詞，甚至說這樣的（性侵害）行為是為你驅魔趕鬼，無知的人就信以為真。有時受害者知道被性侵害，卻不敢或不知該怎么去處理，結果事情拖到很久后才被揭發，但已經太遲了。
”
2006年，郭老師出版了《親密．快樂．成長》，給青少年們提供了一個愛情、性教育的思考空間，點出性教育在青少年時期的重要性；第二本書《父母也是性教育高手》上個月出版，有感于父母與其等別人來教自己的孩子，還不如自力救濟，自己來教性教育。
掌握 正確性意義
大馬的性教育，如今仍停留在空喊口號的時代，嘴上說性教育很重要，實際上對它一無所知。
然而，為什么要教性教育呢？郭富美老師十多年來不厭其煩地提醒，希望大家掌握更多性教育知識，因為它不止是性器官教育，更不是性行為教育，而是正确掌握人際關係的性意義，所以她希望父母們，不要把教育孩子性教育的權利交託他人手中。
性教育的目的：
1.每個人都有認識、瞭解自己身體的權利，包括生理、心理、社會等等層面。
2.每個人都需要為自己的行為負責，並願意承擔后果。
3.性教育是尊重與隱私（界限），如男女之間的愛情，不是用性換來的，若其中一方不願意，另一方應給予尊重。
4.提供正確性知識，如青少年被朋友誤導，說朋友的精液是紫色的，信以為真，一度懷疑自己有病。
5.幫助個人對性行為有所覺察，學會如何保護自己，分清楚什么是性騷擾、強暴、性病與愛滋病等等。
6.減輕發展過程中所產生的害怕與焦慮，如青少年發育期的身體變化，像月經與夢遺，孩子們有準備，自然不會害怕面對。
7.鼓勵尋求有效解決問題的方法。
8.建立滿意的人際關係，像兩性交往的問題，如約會、戀愛、分手等.
親子 了解彼此看法
時代不同，當今人們對感情及性的價值觀也跟著改變。最近郭富美老師就輔導過一對母女。她說，母親很生氣女兒花了500令吉電話費，在旁敲側擊的情況下，知道女兒最近交了男朋友，每天晚上忙著煲電話粥或傳短訊，有時甚至半夜都還在談電話。
“媽媽連珠炮地追查對方的底細，覺得女兒欺騙自己，但女兒一臉委屈，說和男朋友才開始不久，關係還沒有確定，所以還沒準備要讓母親知道。我聽了覺得還滿有道理的，點頭表示同意。誰知母親馬上接著說：還說不確定，老公老婆的叫，是什么意思？原來老媽已經查過女兒電話裡的短訊，知道女兒與男友的對話情況。”
“‘老公老婆’這種稱呼，就和現在學生在‘男女朋友’的定義上，和上一個時代，的確有很大的差距。我最后跟母親說，聽完女兒所說，就明白事情並不沒有那么嚴重。重要的是女兒願意說出她的想法，只要瞭解后就不會那么害怕擔心了。”郭老師覺得這件事，她看見的是，親子間必須學會先瞭解彼此的看法，就可能避免和化解衝突。
除了親子，男女間在生理和心理就有很大的不同，在情感上更是大有出入，做父母的總是擔心，希望把孩子守在身邊，害怕孩子被社會上的豺狼虎豹吃掉。
“太多父母以為把孩子守住便好，但在這個科技社會，足不出戶的孩子，也有機會接觸到形形色色的性信息。要收到色情相片或影片，真的是太簡單了，朋友間相互分享、手機的垃圾短訊，自動送上門，你能擋得了多少？”
男女 齊學拼和諧
因為許多的迷思，性教育永遠讓人覺得它多了一層神秘面紗。記者相信，現在仍有人是用傳統的方法教孩子性教育，在自己的經驗中及從不少人的口中得知，一幕如郭富美老師敘述的以下場景，依然鮮明。
“傳統性教育是男女分開教，而如何使用衛生棉，多數是衛生棉公司派人來教。這是非常不足夠的。男生永遠好奇，女人是怎么回事？因為不知道，所以會作弄女生，或是以很不屑的態度來看：女人的事，不關我事！”
“許多老師反映，一開始上性教育課會很轟動，很難應付，但我覺得唯有一起教，在課堂上很坦誠的讓學生明白，學生最后會很專注要去瞭解，大家就會覺得很自在坦然，就不會那么神秘了。”
“我們的性教育教材都是男女一起教，因為男女生一定要互相瞭解，才會彼此尊重，最后才能達到和諧共處的目標。”
男女 價值觀大不同
從來男女之間都存在許多差異，在性觀念上更是如此，不了解的人往往會在愛情裡連番跌跤，很多女生會以性來換取愛，相信只要有性行為就能綁住對方；但很多男生會認為可以用錢來買愛情，所以會不斷買東西給女生。
“女生在選擇男朋友時，確是很在乎錢，因為是安全感的來源。結果很多女人結婚后，先生每天忙著賺錢，所以常不在家，又開始抱怨先生沒有時間陪她。先生很無奈的問：那妳想我怎樣？要錢又要時間！
“所以我跟女中學生說，如果妳要大屋大車，妳的先生一定不會在家；如果妳希望先生能常陪妳，就請妳也要努力，賺多一份收入，這樣才可能如妳所願。”
以上種種，在在說明男女雙方有互相了解的必要，因為這樣才不會讓人一直陷于迷思，使另外一方造成傷害。
所以，當務之急，性教育不能等，自己來教吧！
註：部分資料摘錄自郭富美的著作及部落格。
禁止 起不了作用
現代父母對青少年最擔心的，莫過于在感情中迷失自己，像日前才發生的“新山少女短訊約會被姦成孕”及“少女集體離家出走”等事件，這些社會新聞版上的例子，無不叫為人父母者心驚膽跳，怕自己的疏忽再釀悲劇。
對此，郭富美老師認為，問題得回歸至家庭。家庭有問題，得不到應有的照顧、關心及溫暖，孩子到了十幾歲時自然就往外面找。可是往往找到的都是不適合的對象，發生了性關係，有了孩子或草草結婚，婚姻不幸福，又繼續胡亂過一生。到孩子長大，又是十幾歲出事，仿彿進入惡性循環，一代一代傳下去。
“他們的例子，正說明了父母沒有給孩子足夠的性教育，到青春期時只會禁止孩子這樣那樣不可以，到最后什么事情都發生了。”
仔細回想，許多父母在生活上難以啟口的性教育問題，再看郭富美老師的書，很多迷思都可從中找到答案。雖然從前有人認為郭富美老師推廣的性教育很前衛，但她仍然堅持這才是正確的.
“或者有些人認為在課堂上討論人體器官，很惡心，但基于自我保護的理由，我寧可在課堂上
先嚇學生，最多是惡心，不舒服一次，這是很正常的反應。接下來再去談如何面對性騷擾、性侵害就容易多了。”
Wednesday, July 30, 2008
行房后血絲姑娘怕怕
行房后血絲姑娘怕怕
---------------------
為什么我每次來月經時，都會痛到冒冷汗、瀉肚子，站著也感覺要暈過去，完全沒有辦法工作，到底是什么原因？我曾經找醫生檢查，醫生說我的肚子太多風，才導致這個問題。請問有方法醫治嗎？我在生活上應該注意什么？
另外，我還有一個問題不敢找婦產科檢查，我和男朋友交往一年多后，每次要來月經的前一兩個星期，我和伴侶在性行為后，都會排出他的精子和血絲（伴侶沒帶安全套），為什么會這樣呢？
讀者：美儀
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
你行房后有血絲，必須找婦科做檢查，做子宮頸抹片（Pap Smear），因為子宮頸癌的一個症狀是行房后出血，其他如子宮頸炎、子宮頸息肉、陰道炎、賀爾蒙失調都會造成行房后出血。
至于來經疼痛，原因很多，由于子宮內膜血管在來經時痙攣，都會造成疼痛，這一類是造成經前綜合症疼痛的原因。冒冷汗是可能過度疼痛造成。其他來經疼痛包括子宮內膜異位症與子宮肌瘤。
子宮內膜異位症原因不詳，有學說是因為子宮經血倒流而造成子宮內膜細胞黏在子宮以外的地方。造成子宮內膜異位症，常見的地方如卵巢、子宮外膜、子宮肌肉，其他如子宮頸、陰道、腸、肺、肚臍都有可能患有子宮內膜異位症。子宮肌瘤除了過量的經血，有時也會造成疼痛的感覺。
面對來經疼痛問題，你可在每個月來經時吃止痛劑，如果同時不想怀孕的話，可以吃避孕藥，一些有經痛問題的女性，生過寶寶后，症狀也會好轉。
Sources:☆婦產及不孕專科醫生，印度孟加羅大學學士，馬來亞大學婦產科碩士。
---------------------
為什么我每次來月經時，都會痛到冒冷汗、瀉肚子，站著也感覺要暈過去，完全沒有辦法工作，到底是什么原因？我曾經找醫生檢查，醫生說我的肚子太多風，才導致這個問題。請問有方法醫治嗎？我在生活上應該注意什么？
另外，我還有一個問題不敢找婦產科檢查，我和男朋友交往一年多后，每次要來月經的前一兩個星期，我和伴侶在性行為后，都會排出他的精子和血絲（伴侶沒帶安全套），為什么會這樣呢？
讀者：美儀
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
你行房后有血絲，必須找婦科做檢查，做子宮頸抹片（Pap Smear），因為子宮頸癌的一個症狀是行房后出血，其他如子宮頸炎、子宮頸息肉、陰道炎、賀爾蒙失調都會造成行房后出血。
至于來經疼痛，原因很多，由于子宮內膜血管在來經時痙攣，都會造成疼痛，這一類是造成經前綜合症疼痛的原因。冒冷汗是可能過度疼痛造成。其他來經疼痛包括子宮內膜異位症與子宮肌瘤。
子宮內膜異位症原因不詳，有學說是因為子宮經血倒流而造成子宮內膜細胞黏在子宮以外的地方。造成子宮內膜異位症，常見的地方如卵巢、子宮外膜、子宮肌肉，其他如子宮頸、陰道、腸、肺、肚臍都有可能患有子宮內膜異位症。子宮肌瘤除了過量的經血，有時也會造成疼痛的感覺。
面對來經疼痛問題，你可在每個月來經時吃止痛劑，如果同時不想怀孕的話，可以吃避孕藥，一些有經痛問題的女性，生過寶寶后，症狀也會好轉。
Sources:☆婦產及不孕專科醫生，印度孟加羅大學學士，馬來亞大學婦產科碩士。
Wednesday, July 23, 2008
產後吃公雞強身增乳
母雞一直被認為是營養價值高，能增加體質，增強食欲，促進乳汁分泌，是產婦必備的營養食品。
但科學證明，多吃母雞不但不能增乳，反而會出現回奶現象。由於產後血液中激素濃度大大降低，這時催乳素就會發揮催乳作用，促進乳汁形成，而母雞中含大量的雌激素，因此產後大量食用母雞會加大產婦體內雌激素的含量，致使催乳素功能減弱甚至消失，導致回奶。
反而公雞體內所含的雄激素有對抗雌激素的作用，因此會使乳汁增多，這對嬰兒的身體健康起著潛在的促進作用。
公雞所含脂肪較母雞少，不易導致發胖，嬰兒也不會因為乳汁中脂肪含量多而引起消化不良、腹瀉。所以產後反而是多食公雞才會對母嬰有益。
但科學證明，多吃母雞不但不能增乳，反而會出現回奶現象。由於產後血液中激素濃度大大降低，這時催乳素就會發揮催乳作用，促進乳汁形成，而母雞中含大量的雌激素，因此產後大量食用母雞會加大產婦體內雌激素的含量，致使催乳素功能減弱甚至消失，導致回奶。
反而公雞體內所含的雄激素有對抗雌激素的作用，因此會使乳汁增多，這對嬰兒的身體健康起著潛在的促進作用。
公雞所含脂肪較母雞少，不易導致發胖，嬰兒也不會因為乳汁中脂肪含量多而引起消化不良、腹瀉。所以產後反而是多食公雞才會對母嬰有益。
Wednesday, June 18, 2008
陰道鬆弛有救嗎？
每個婦女自然分娩過后，陰道一定會變得鬆弛，而且肯定會有一點子宮下垂，這是偉大母親生下寶寶后所付出的代價。要解決陰道鬆弛的問題，孕婦在懷孕時就必須開始做Kegel’s Exercise（格爾陰道運動），生產后繼續重復做這運動。
如何進行陰道運動呢？那就是把陰道縮緊，小解時突然停止小便，每天做100～300次，這樣不但可以縮緊陰道，還能預防子宮下垂。另外，生產后，不要提重的物體，這也有助預防陰道和子宮下垂。
如果你選擇剖腹生產，陰道是不會變得鬆弛，但對于動手術，我個人並不建議。如果真的要動手術，也應該在不想再懷孕后才付諸行動，否則，動手術后又再生產，陰道還會再度鬆弛，那樣，是無法解決問題的。
如何進行陰道運動呢？那就是把陰道縮緊，小解時突然停止小便，每天做100～300次，這樣不但可以縮緊陰道，還能預防子宮下垂。另外，生產后，不要提重的物體，這也有助預防陰道和子宮下垂。
如果你選擇剖腹生產，陰道是不會變得鬆弛，但對于動手術，我個人並不建議。如果真的要動手術，也應該在不想再懷孕后才付諸行動，否則，動手術后又再生產，陰道還會再度鬆弛，那樣，是無法解決問題的。
造人失敗求生路
造人失敗求生路
吃排卵藥然后在規定時間行房，的確是第一個生育的療程。通常醫生會給予5天的排卵藥。病人會在月經的第2天開始吃排卵藥至第6天，然后第10，11，12天進行掃描，當卵泡的直徑達到16～18mm和子宮內膜的厚度達到9mm，那么病人將注射人類絨毛膜性腺激素（HCG）以達到排卵的目的，夫婦將在注射HCG后的24～36小時內行房。這樣的療程，通常可以做大約3～6個周期（3～6個月）。
你原本的月經周期是大約35～40天，這顯示著你可能有輕微賀爾蒙不平衡現象，也可能有排卵問題。但因為吃了排卵藥協助排卵，所以你的月經周期就變成正常了。
其實，排卵藥有副作用，第一，它會導致宮頸粘液（Cervical Mucus）的黏性較厚，導致精子必須消耗很多的精力才游進子宮裡，所以成功到達輸卵管的精子也因此而減少了。第二，它也會導致子宮內膜偏薄，以至月經減少。不過，這通常是在服上4～6個月的排卵藥才會有的副作用，當然，副作用效果因人而異。
以我個人的意見，你不妨嘗試卵泡刺激素（FSH）以代替排卵藥，然后你可以選擇做規定行房的療程或體內射精（Intrauterine Insemination - IUI）。你可以嘗試大約3～6個周期。
的確有很多不育的女性當中，在停止服用排卵藥后，自己能夠自然懷孕的例子，當然，你也可能是其中一位。因為你的輸卵管、子宮和丈夫的精子都沒有太大的問題。
吃排卵藥然后在規定時間行房，的確是第一個生育的療程。通常醫生會給予5天的排卵藥。病人會在月經的第2天開始吃排卵藥至第6天，然后第10，11，12天進行掃描，當卵泡的直徑達到16～18mm和子宮內膜的厚度達到9mm，那么病人將注射人類絨毛膜性腺激素（HCG）以達到排卵的目的，夫婦將在注射HCG后的24～36小時內行房。這樣的療程，通常可以做大約3～6個周期（3～6個月）。
你原本的月經周期是大約35～40天，這顯示著你可能有輕微賀爾蒙不平衡現象，也可能有排卵問題。但因為吃了排卵藥協助排卵，所以你的月經周期就變成正常了。
其實，排卵藥有副作用，第一，它會導致宮頸粘液（Cervical Mucus）的黏性較厚，導致精子必須消耗很多的精力才游進子宮裡，所以成功到達輸卵管的精子也因此而減少了。第二，它也會導致子宮內膜偏薄，以至月經減少。不過，這通常是在服上4～6個月的排卵藥才會有的副作用，當然，副作用效果因人而異。
以我個人的意見，你不妨嘗試卵泡刺激素（FSH）以代替排卵藥，然后你可以選擇做規定行房的療程或體內射精（Intrauterine Insemination - IUI）。你可以嘗試大約3～6個周期。
的確有很多不育的女性當中，在停止服用排卵藥后，自己能夠自然懷孕的例子，當然，你也可能是其中一位。因為你的輸卵管、子宮和丈夫的精子都沒有太大的問題。
魚水之歡不歡愉
魚水之歡不歡愉
大部分女人都會在陰蒂受到刺激后達到高潮，因為陰蒂部位分佈大量神經線。
某些陰道特別敏感的女性，會在陰道某個部位受到刺激時就有高潮感覺，這些部位通常都集中在陰道上方，陰道口約2～4公分的位置，一般我們稱為G點。
你可以嘗試把中指伸進去那個部位按摩，找出G點位置，當你踫觸那個部位時，你會突然有種想要尿尿的感覺。當然，這並不是真的要小便，而是因為刺激那個部位而達到高潮，甚至有種類似男人“射精”的感覺。
你所描述的陰戶（女性陰道外部）疼痛和痕癢症狀，很可能是因為陰道干燥或接觸衛生棉（或兩個原因）導致，你可以在放置衛生棉前塗抹一些滋潤劑。
如果疼痛持續，很可能是出現感染，如果情況繼續惡化，你應該儘快找醫生檢查，因為你可能患上陰道炎。我建議你沖涼后，經常在陰戶處塗抹一些適合陰戶使用的肌膚滋潤配方，你可以在一般西藥房買到。
大部分女人都會在陰蒂受到刺激后達到高潮，因為陰蒂部位分佈大量神經線。
某些陰道特別敏感的女性，會在陰道某個部位受到刺激時就有高潮感覺，這些部位通常都集中在陰道上方，陰道口約2～4公分的位置，一般我們稱為G點。
你可以嘗試把中指伸進去那個部位按摩，找出G點位置，當你踫觸那個部位時，你會突然有種想要尿尿的感覺。當然，這並不是真的要小便，而是因為刺激那個部位而達到高潮，甚至有種類似男人“射精”的感覺。
你所描述的陰戶（女性陰道外部）疼痛和痕癢症狀，很可能是因為陰道干燥或接觸衛生棉（或兩個原因）導致，你可以在放置衛生棉前塗抹一些滋潤劑。
如果疼痛持續，很可能是出現感染，如果情況繼續惡化，你應該儘快找醫生檢查，因為你可能患上陰道炎。我建議你沖涼后，經常在陰戶處塗抹一些適合陰戶使用的肌膚滋潤配方，你可以在一般西藥房買到。
Monday, April 21, 2008
给女性美满性高潮的四种姿势
给女性美满性高潮的四种姿势
四种保证美满性生活的最佳方法：
CAT
直线交合技巧(CAT)，是指在采用传教士式时，前后摇摆的角度成直角。
大多数女性不是仅靠抽插就能获得高潮，所以这一招就是让你的阴蒂也参与进来。著名的CAT体位的原理也很简单：
·他在你的上方，让他的骨盆在上方与你的排成一列，这就意味着他会在上方的位置比平时要高，而且他要用肘支撑身体，这样他在进入你时他会移动得更高。这就意味着接着他在冲刺时会压向你的耻骨及阴蒂。
·为了加大压力，他会将全部体重压在你身上(如果他的体格比你要大很多很多，就不要尝试此法)而你就要用双腿夹住他的大腿。
·然后，在他向下推进时你就将骨盆向上顶，而且只要保持稳定的节奏来互相挤压，高潮肯定就会来临。
寻找G点
专家们指出，难以捉摸的G点与大脑中的性高潮中枢相连，所以才会成为著名的快感核心。尽管有很多人怀疑G点是否真的存在，还是有很多女性体会到在这一点上更为深入、持久和激烈的高潮。如果你想体验一下G点的感觉，要注意你只能在“性致高涨”时才能感觉到这一点。因为只有在兴奋状态下，这一区域才会因充血膨胀而凸现出来。
你可以在阴道内5厘米(2英寸)处的前壁上找到这一点。
G点高潮
在性爱中刺激G点的一个好方法就是采用老式的桌上做爱法。
·背部放平仰卧
·当他靠近时将你的双腿架在他肩上，并且让他在进入时用手扶住你的臀部。
·一旦他开始律动，他的阴茎就会结结实实的撞在你的G点上。
·第一次经历G点高潮，你或许会有想要小便的感觉(G点靠近尿道)但这种感觉很快就会消退，然后被高潮的感觉所替代。
PC肌
我们都有一种“爱情肌肉”，就是所谓的PC(pubococcygeal)肌肉。在女性体内，它们控制着阴道大小以及夹紧动作，所以要让它们发挥功能是很重要的。如果这些肌肉得到增强，就能增强你的性高潮。而且这些肌肉变得强壮些，也有利于让你的男友达到高潮。
要锻炼这些肌肉，你只需在小便时将尿流暂停10到15秒钟然后继续释放。定期进行这种练习，就可以使你的性生活得到十倍的改善。
测试这些肌肉的最佳体位是“男下女上式”，就是爬到他的身上。要确定插入时你的重量是分散在双腿上的，在你上下摆动时试着旋转式的移动。
当他忍耐不住的时候，你就要向下压去，同时夹紧你的PC肌(开始要慢一些，避免力道过大)这样他就能感觉被你夹紧。同时让他充分利用他的双手(爱摸你的乳房以及阴蒂)，接着你就可以向后仰身迎接幸福的顶峰。
向后弯曲式
(“男下女上”式的变化形式)
·让他坐在一把牢固的椅子上，然后爬上他的大腿。
·用双腿钩住他的大腿，身体向后倾斜。
·你的最终目的就是躺在他的大腿上，将你的头部和肩部悬过他膝盖边缘(让他负责支撑你的身体)。
·如果你感到不安全，就把双臂举过头顶，这样就可以触到地面了。
·接着你要抱住他的臀部，把自己拉向他，然后让他进入。想要更激烈的？那就在他冲刺时将你的背部和骨盆向上拱起。
插入式
(这是传教士式的变化形式)
身体缓缓后仰，用双手然后是肘部支撑身体，一直向下压。这样，最终你会平躺在自己打开的大腿上，双腿折叠压在身下。
接着将双臂举过头，让他在你身上躺下然后进入。
这一招的目的并不在于姿势，而在于可以提供一个使他更加深入的角度，绝对会让你心满意足(这全亏了你的膝盖把你的骨盆顶了起来)。
倚墙式
(站立式以及小狗式的变化形式)
面向卧室的墙壁然后弯曲身体，这样你就可以伸出双手撑在墙上。
·分开双腿，将臀部向外翘起。
·接下来，让他从后方接近，将身体倾向你，扶住你的臀部从后方进入。
·同时让他将双手绕向前方，刺激你的阴蒂。
·如果你们俩人因身高相差太大而不能采用面对面的站立式，使用这种方法的效果会更好。
速战速决式
对于那些对细节马马虎虎、又懒得脱光衣服的朋友们来说可是上上之选。“速战速决式”的冲击力很强，但只要你没有苛刻的要求，也可以与“持久战”一样火热、圆满。
还有一个好处就是，你在任何地方都可以采用这种方式(只要把短裤拉到一边就行了)，它打破了只能每周定期在床上进行性生活的陈腐观念，而且的确摄人心魄。
四种保证美满性生活的最佳方法：
CAT
直线交合技巧(CAT)，是指在采用传教士式时，前后摇摆的角度成直角。
大多数女性不是仅靠抽插就能获得高潮，所以这一招就是让你的阴蒂也参与进来。著名的CAT体位的原理也很简单：
·他在你的上方，让他的骨盆在上方与你的排成一列，这就意味着他会在上方的位置比平时要高，而且他要用肘支撑身体，这样他在进入你时他会移动得更高。这就意味着接着他在冲刺时会压向你的耻骨及阴蒂。
·为了加大压力，他会将全部体重压在你身上(如果他的体格比你要大很多很多，就不要尝试此法)而你就要用双腿夹住他的大腿。
·然后，在他向下推进时你就将骨盆向上顶，而且只要保持稳定的节奏来互相挤压，高潮肯定就会来临。
寻找G点
专家们指出，难以捉摸的G点与大脑中的性高潮中枢相连，所以才会成为著名的快感核心。尽管有很多人怀疑G点是否真的存在，还是有很多女性体会到在这一点上更为深入、持久和激烈的高潮。如果你想体验一下G点的感觉，要注意你只能在“性致高涨”时才能感觉到这一点。因为只有在兴奋状态下，这一区域才会因充血膨胀而凸现出来。
你可以在阴道内5厘米(2英寸)处的前壁上找到这一点。
G点高潮
在性爱中刺激G点的一个好方法就是采用老式的桌上做爱法。
·背部放平仰卧
·当他靠近时将你的双腿架在他肩上，并且让他在进入时用手扶住你的臀部。
·一旦他开始律动，他的阴茎就会结结实实的撞在你的G点上。
·第一次经历G点高潮，你或许会有想要小便的感觉(G点靠近尿道)但这种感觉很快就会消退，然后被高潮的感觉所替代。
PC肌
我们都有一种“爱情肌肉”，就是所谓的PC(pubococcygeal)肌肉。在女性体内，它们控制着阴道大小以及夹紧动作，所以要让它们发挥功能是很重要的。如果这些肌肉得到增强，就能增强你的性高潮。而且这些肌肉变得强壮些，也有利于让你的男友达到高潮。
要锻炼这些肌肉，你只需在小便时将尿流暂停10到15秒钟然后继续释放。定期进行这种练习，就可以使你的性生活得到十倍的改善。
测试这些肌肉的最佳体位是“男下女上式”，就是爬到他的身上。要确定插入时你的重量是分散在双腿上的，在你上下摆动时试着旋转式的移动。
当他忍耐不住的时候，你就要向下压去，同时夹紧你的PC肌(开始要慢一些，避免力道过大)这样他就能感觉被你夹紧。同时让他充分利用他的双手(爱摸你的乳房以及阴蒂)，接着你就可以向后仰身迎接幸福的顶峰。
向后弯曲式
(“男下女上”式的变化形式)
·让他坐在一把牢固的椅子上，然后爬上他的大腿。
·用双腿钩住他的大腿，身体向后倾斜。
·你的最终目的就是躺在他的大腿上，将你的头部和肩部悬过他膝盖边缘(让他负责支撑你的身体)。
·如果你感到不安全，就把双臂举过头顶，这样就可以触到地面了。
·接着你要抱住他的臀部，把自己拉向他，然后让他进入。想要更激烈的？那就在他冲刺时将你的背部和骨盆向上拱起。
插入式
(这是传教士式的变化形式)
身体缓缓后仰，用双手然后是肘部支撑身体，一直向下压。这样，最终你会平躺在自己打开的大腿上，双腿折叠压在身下。
接着将双臂举过头，让他在你身上躺下然后进入。
这一招的目的并不在于姿势，而在于可以提供一个使他更加深入的角度，绝对会让你心满意足(这全亏了你的膝盖把你的骨盆顶了起来)。
倚墙式
(站立式以及小狗式的变化形式)
面向卧室的墙壁然后弯曲身体，这样你就可以伸出双手撑在墙上。
·分开双腿，将臀部向外翘起。
·接下来，让他从后方接近，将身体倾向你，扶住你的臀部从后方进入。
·同时让他将双手绕向前方，刺激你的阴蒂。
·如果你们俩人因身高相差太大而不能采用面对面的站立式，使用这种方法的效果会更好。
速战速决式
对于那些对细节马马虎虎、又懒得脱光衣服的朋友们来说可是上上之选。“速战速决式”的冲击力很强，但只要你没有苛刻的要求，也可以与“持久战”一样火热、圆满。
还有一个好处就是，你在任何地方都可以采用这种方式(只要把短裤拉到一边就行了)，它打破了只能每周定期在床上进行性生活的陈腐观念，而且的确摄人心魄。
Thursday, April 17, 2008
Bra Glossary
Bra Glossary
Athletic Bras (Also see Sports Bras.)
When you move, so does your bust. It's called "bounce." And it can cause discomfort during workouts. Repeated bounce can even damage tissue. The solution? A good athletic bra. Athletic bras give needed support to help control jarring bounce. Most provide either medium or high motion control, depending on whether they're designed for moderate or intense activity levels. Many athletic bras also wick away moisture to keep you cool and dry.
Average-Figure Bras (Also see Moderate-Support Bras.)
Do you wear bra size 34 or 36, with a B or C cup? Then you'll want an average-figure bra providing moderate support. Fortunately, most bras come in your size, so you have many styles to choose from!
Banded Bras
A banded bra has a fabric band that extends beneath the cups. Usually this band is elasticized for easy, flexible fit. Often it's plush-lined for comfort. It keeps the bra anchored in place plus provides added support. Banded bras can be either underwire bras or wire-free.
Bandless Bras A bandless bra has no fabric band underneath the cups. Instead, the underwire channels form the bra's bottom edge. The bra's center and sides connect directly to these channels. The result is "less bra, more you": a clean, contemporary look.
Breathable Bras
Want to stay cool when your day heats up? Choose today's new breathable bras. Some are made with special fabrics designed to wick moisture from your skin, so you stay comfortably dry. Others have cup linings with tiny air pockets to allow refreshing ventilation.
Comfort-Strap Bras
Do your bra straps dig into your shoulders? Try switching to comfort-strap bras. Comfort-strap bras have wide cushioned straps that disperse pressure, relieve strain, and ease dig-in. Some comfort straps are cushioned with fiberfill. Others are filled with gel.
Contour Bras (Also see Molded-Cup Bras.)
Contour bras conform to your curves for a naturally shapely look. Most have sculpted cups, either lined or lightly padded, plus wires for lift and shaping. Many contour bras give superb support, so they're ideal for full-busted women. Others also enhance the bust, so they're perfect for smaller figures.
Convertible Bras
Sometimes you'd like to wear a strapless gown. Or a halter top. Or a tank. But who wants bra straps peeking out? Your solution: a convertible bra. Convertible bras have detachable straps that allow several wearing options. Remove the straps to go strapless. Attach them halter or crisscross style to wear under sleeveless tops. Even attach one strap diagonally to wear with one-shoulder fashions. A must for every woman's wardrobe.
CoolMax® Bras
That sweaty feeling? Forget about it. Choose a bra made with CoolMax polyester. This smooth performance fabric wicks moisture away from your skin, so you stay cooler and drier. Many sports bras and even some everyday bras contain some CoolMax fibers.
Cut-and-Sewn Bras (Also see Seamed Bras.)
Do you prefer bras that provide extra support? Consider a "cut-and-sewn" bra. Cut-and-sewn bras are highly constructed, with two-section or three-section cups. The cup sections are sewn together (seamed). The more seams, the greater the support. Which means you look and feel better. Choose from both wire-free and underwire styles.
Demi Bras
Do you long to take the plunge--with v-neck or low-cut fashions? Wear a demi bra underneath. Demi bras cover the nipple but not the entire breast. They have lower-cut necklines than standard bras, and wider-set ("camisole") straps. So, you can wear your favorite low-cut looks without worrying about peek-a-boo bra tops.
Foam-Cup Bras or Foam-Lined Bras or Stretch-Foam Bras
Do you wear knits, T-shirts, or other body-conscious styles? Then you'll want at least one foam-lined bra. Foam bras have cups lined with sleek, thin stretch foam, made of non-allergenic material. This foam conforms to your curves for gap-free custom fit. It provides smooth, natural shaping. And, best of all, it helps block show-through, so you can wear clingy clothes with confidence. Plus, since this foam is thinner than padding, it doesn't add extra bulk.
When stretch foam is ultra-thin, it's called micro-foam. When it's contoured — thinner at the sides and thicker toward the center — it's called graduated foam.
Front-Close Bras or Front-Hook Bras
Most bras fasten in back, usually with hooks and eyes. But front-close bras fasten in front with either hooks or clasps. This allows fast, easy "on / off." Ideal when you're dressing in a hurry. Great for women with arthritis. And perfect with low-cut tops.
Full-Figure Bras (Also see Plus-Size Bras.)
Do you wear a bra size between 38-50C-DD--or larger? Then you'll want a full-figure bra (either underwire or wire-free). Full-figure bras provide greater support than petite or average bras. Often they have wide cushioned straps, foam lining or fiberfill padding, and closures with three or four rows of hooks and eyes. Many full-figure bras are custom-designed for plus-size silhouettes.
Full-Support Bras
Even if you don't need a full-figure bra, you may require full support. Full-support bras provide lift and support via clever design details: seamed cups with banded edges, hidden under-cup slings, wide side wings, plus two- or three-hook closures. They may be either wire-free or underwire.
Gel-Strap Bras
Prefer bras with cushioned straps? Then you'll love our gel-strap bras. The straps are infused with silicone gel, so they're especially light on your shoulders. They disperse pressure more evenly, relieve strain, and ease dig-in, for comfort hour after hour.
Half-Size Bras
Are you between cup sizes? Is A too small but B too roomy? Is B a bit snug while C's too large? Try one of our half-size bras (exclusively from our Playtex® Thank Goodness It Fits® collection). These bras come in both full and half bra sizes, including NA (Nearly A), NB (Nearly B), and NC (Nearly C). So, they provide a more perfect fit, customized to your curves.
Laminated-Cup Bras
Laminated-cup bras are a lot like molded-cup bras. The cups consist of two fabric layers bonded or sealed together. These cups look sleek, not bulky. Yet their two-ply construction gives them extra strength for better support and shaping.
Light-Support Bras
Do you wear a bra size between 32 and 36, with a cup size like AA, A, or B? You'll want a light-support bra. Many light-support bras are unlined and wire-free, with seamless cups, bandless edges, and cutaway wings. These bras provide shaping plus just a bit of support. And, when they're made of soft fabrics like microfiber, they feel like they're "barely there."
Lycra® Spandex Bras
If your bra stretches, then it probably contains spandex. Spandex is a synthetic fiber with built-in "stretch memory." It's usually blended with another fabric, such as cotton, polyester, or nylon.
When you stretch, your spandex bra stretches with you. When you relax, it "remembers" (and recovers) its original shape. Result? You enjoy custom fit, all-day comfort, free-moving ease, plus shape-keeping durability. Many spandex bras contain anywhere from 2% to 15% spandex.
Lycra® spandex is a premium spandex produced and marketed by Invista. It is used in many stretch bras.
Maternity Bras or Nursing Bras
During pregnancy and right afterward, you need a special bra: a nursing / maternity bra.
Maternity bras come in softer fabrics to pamper tender tissue. The cups usually stretch to accommodate changing breast size. Plus, the cups have special openings for easy access during nursing.
Microfiber Bras
For skin-caressing softness, nothing beats microfiber fabric. This high-tech synthetic is made with ultra-fine filaments, tightly knit for super smoothness. So, it's literally softer than silk. Plus, it breathes well, for cooling comfort.
All microfiber bras come in this ultra-soft fabric. These bras pamper your skin, keep their shape, and wash with ease. And, since they're so smooth, your clothes glide right on and drape more gracefully, too.
Microfiber bras can be either nylon or polyester, often with a little added spandex for stretch-perfect fit.
Minimizer Bras
Do your blouses gap in front? You may need a minimizer bra (available only in larger cup sizes). Minimizer bras reduce your bust-line by up to one cup size or more. They gently redistribute tissue to shape and streamline your curves. Result: Your clothes fit and feel better. Choose from seamed and seamless minimizer bras, in both wire-free and underwire styles.
Moderate-Support Bras (Also see Average-Figure Bras.)
Do you wear bra size 34 or 36, with a B or C cup? Then you'll want a moderate-support bra. Fortunately, most bras come in your size, so you have many styles to choose from!
Moisture-Wicking Bras
Perspiration can feel hot and sticky. The solution? A moisture-wicking bra. Moisture-wicking bras feature special fabrics that pull moisture away from your skin. (It's called "wicking.") The moisture then evaporates quickly and leaves you comfortably dry. Moisture-wicking bras can be either sports bras or everyday styles.
Molded-Cup Bras (Also see Contour Bras.)
Prefer a naturally shapely look? Choose a bra with molded cups. These cups conform to your curves and mimic your body's contours. So, they fit like a second skin...and work with your shape, not against it. Usually they're lined or lightly padded, with underwires for lift and shaping.
No-Wire Bras (Also see Soft-Cup Bras and Wire-Free Bras.)
No-wire bras have no underwires...which can mean greater comfort. And today many no-wire bras also offer great support, thanks to clever design details: criss-cross frames; inner under-cup slings; 2-ply, molded, lined, or padded cups. Some no-wire bras give light to moderate support, for petite to average figures. Others furnish full support.
Padded Bras
Sometimes you want a little extra boost. That's where padded bras come in. Padded bras have thicker padding than regular stretch-foam bras. Their cups are lined with enough foam or fiberfill to add volume as well as shaping. Many padded bras add up to an entire cup size. So, they're ideal for women who'd like to enhance their assets.
Plus-Size Bras (Also see Full-Figure Bras.)
Do you wear a bra size between 38-50C-DD--or larger? Consider a plus-size bra (either underwire or wire-free). Plus-size bras provide greater support than petite or average bras. Often they have wide cushioned straps, foam lining or fiberfill padding, and closures with three or four rows of hooks and eyes. Many plus-size bras are custom-designed for women with fuller figures.
Push-up Bras
Every woman needs at least one push-up bra. So, go ahead--indulge! Push-up bras make your cleavage look fuller, rounder, and sexier. The cups are cleverly angled to give your curves a boost. Plus, they're usually padded to shape and enhance your bust. Sometimes they have small removable pads--called cookies--for extra volume.
Racer-Back Bras
Racer-back bras have Y-shaped backs that curve in between the shoulder blades. These racing-style backs add extra support plus keep bra straps anchored in place. Many sports bras and even some everyday bras have racer-back designs. Racer-back bras work well under sleeveless tops: The bra straps won't peek out or slide off shoulders.
Santoni® Bras (Also see Seam-Free / Stitch Free Bras.)
Santoni bras are seamless all over, not just in the cups. The only seams appear where the bra straps attach to the bra. Result? Santoni bras feel blissfully soft and look super-smooth under clothes. The secret's the special fabric, knit in one seamless piece on a circular knitting machine. For ultimate comfort, try a Santoni bra made of silky-soft stretch microfiber.
Seamed Bras (Also see Cut-&-Sewn Bras.)
Do you prefer bras that provide extra support? Consider a seamed bra. Seamed bras are highly constructed, with two-section or three-section cups. The cup sections are sewn together (seamed). The more seams, the greater the support. Which means you look and feel better. Choose from both wire-free and underwire styles.
Seamless Bras
Want a smooth no-line look under clothes? Opt for a seamless bra. Seamless bras have cups with no seams, for a sleek modern silhouette. Many seamless bras have clever details designed to add support--such as special linings and hidden under-cup slings.
Seam-Free / Stitch-Free Bras (Also see Santoni® Bras.)
Seam-free bras are seamless all over, not just in the cups. The only seams appear where the bra straps attach to the bra. Result? Seam-free bras feel blissfully soft and look super-smooth under clothes. The secret's the special fabric, knit in one seamless piece on a circular knitting machine. For ultimate comfort, try a seam-free bra made of silky-soft stretch microfiber.
Shelf Bras
Shelf bras provide a light layer of fabric for modesty. Usually they have an elastic bottom band for support. Shelf bras are often sewn inside camisoles and swimsuits.
Soft-Cup Bras (Also see No-Wire Bras and Wire-free Bras.)
Soft-cup have no underwires...which can mean greater comfort. And today many soft-cup bras also offer great support, thanks to clever design details: criss-cross frames; inner under-cup slings; 2-ply, molded, lined, or padded cups. Some soft-cup bras give light to moderate support, for petite to average figures. Others furnish full support.
Sports Bras (Also see Athletic Bras.)
When you move, so does your bust. It's called "bounce." And it can cause discomfort during workouts. Repeated bounce can even damage tissue. The solution? A good sports bra. Sports bras give needed support to help control jarring bounce. Most provide either medium or high motion control, depending on whether they're designed for moderate or intense activity levels. Many sports bras also wick away moisture to keep you cool and dry.
Strapless Bras
If you're wearing a strapless gown, you need a strapless bra — a bra with no shoulder straps. Today's strapless bras stay up better than ever, and also give great support, thanks to design details such as padding, boning, and shaping panels. Many strapless bras come with detachable straps for multiple wearing options.
T-Shirt Bras
Like many knit garments, T-shirts cling. Which means your bra seams (and your nipples) may show through. The solution? A T-shirt bra. T-shirt bras are usually seamless, so they're smooth under clingy clothes. Plus, they're either lined with sleek foam or lightly padded with polyfill, so they block embarrassing show-through.
Tricot Bras
Many full-support bras come in tricot (either nylon or polyester). This finely knit fabric doesn't stretch, so it provides more stable support. Plus, since it's thin and fine, it looks and feels light and sleek. That means tricot bras bring you the best of both: full support plus airy comfort.
Underwire Bras
Underwire bras have flexible wires inside the bottom cups. These wires provide lift and support for a shapely, sag-free look. Usually they're plush-backed or cushion-tipped to help assure no-poke comfort. Most underwire bras offer moderate to full support.
Wire-free Bras (Also see No-Wire Bras and Soft-Cup Bras.)
Wire-free have no underwires...which can mean greater comfort. And today many wire-free bras also offer great support, thanks to clever design details: criss-cross frames; inner under-cup slings; 2-ply, molded, lined, or padded cups. Some wire-free bras give light to moderate support, for petite to average figures. Others furnish full support.
SPORTS BRA GLOSSARY
MCR
Motion Control Rating. MCR evaluates the amount of breast motion ("bounce") involved in physical activities. It gauges the level of support a sports bra must provide in order to control bounce at particular activity levels. High MCR sports bras control bounce during intense activities. Medium MCR sports bras control bounce during more moderate workouts.
DOUBLE DRY® SPORTS BRAS
Double Dry Champion sports bras feature our exclusive Double Dry fabric. Unlike many wicking fabrics, Double Dry has two layers. The inner layer's capillary action quickly wicks moisture to the outer layer, where it cannot re-contact your skin. Result? Ultimate moisture control, for cooler, drier workouts.
SEAMLESS SPORTS BRAS
Seamless Champion sports bras are made with a revolutionary seam-free knitting process. There are no seams, not even side seams, and virtually no stitches. As a result, these sleek-fitting sports bras give you maximum support while reducing painful chafing. Some Champion sports bras combine seam-free styling with Double Dry moisture control, for ultimate support and comfort.
FULL-SUPPORT SPORTS BRAS
Certain Champion sports bras provide comfortable full support for larger-busted women. These bras combine sleek compression fabrics with designs that encapsulate the bust. Result: stable, secure support for C, D, and DD cups. That means full-figured women can participate in high-motion workouts—comfortably—with confidence.
COMPRESSION SPORTS BRAS
Some Champion sports bras are made with compression fabrics. These sleek stretch fabrics hug the breasts closer to the chest wall, for greater support and comfort. Most compression bras boast simple designs—no wires; non-adjustable straps—for faster, easier on / off. So, they're great for active women who put a premium on convenience.
UNDERWIRE SPORTS BRAS
Underwire Champion sports bras have flexible cushioned wires inside the bottom cups. These wires lift and support the breasts, for a shapelier, sag-free look. They also add extra stability to help control jarring bounce.
SPORTS BRAS WITH MOLDED CUPS
Some Champion sports bras have molded cups, designed to conform to your curves. These cups control breast motion ("bounce") without compressing your bust. Result: a sleek, sculpted silhouette with naturally shapely contours
INNERWEAR SPORTS BRAS
Many Champion sports bras are made to go under your clothes. These bras encapsulate the bust, to separate and stabilize the breasts. Result: ultimate support for high-intensity workouts. Often these innerwear bras include thoughtful design details and advanced performance features—such as comfort straps, cushioned underwires, and Double Dry moisture control.
SHAPING SPORTS BRAS
Champion shaping sports bras create naturally contoured curves. Typically they have molded two-ply cups and/or spacer-fabric linings...so they subtly enhance your bust as they shape, support, and define. The result is a truly feminine look that flatters every cup size.
T-BACK & RACER-BACK SPORTS BRAS
Many Champion sports bras have T- or Y-shaped backs, which curve in between the shoulder blades. These racer-style backs add extra support to help control damaging bounce. Plus, they keep bra straps anchored securely in place.
BACK-CLOSE SPORTS BRAS
Many Champion sports bras fasten in back with plush-lined hook-&-eye closures. The advantage? A sleeker, less bulky look in front.
FRONT-CLOSE SPORTS BRAS
Some Champion sports bras fasten in front, usually with plush-lined zippers. The advantage? These bras slip on and off easily—a special boon for full-figured women.
Athletic Bras (Also see Sports Bras.)
When you move, so does your bust. It's called "bounce." And it can cause discomfort during workouts. Repeated bounce can even damage tissue. The solution? A good athletic bra. Athletic bras give needed support to help control jarring bounce. Most provide either medium or high motion control, depending on whether they're designed for moderate or intense activity levels. Many athletic bras also wick away moisture to keep you cool and dry.
Average-Figure Bras (Also see Moderate-Support Bras.)
Do you wear bra size 34 or 36, with a B or C cup? Then you'll want an average-figure bra providing moderate support. Fortunately, most bras come in your size, so you have many styles to choose from!
Banded Bras
A banded bra has a fabric band that extends beneath the cups. Usually this band is elasticized for easy, flexible fit. Often it's plush-lined for comfort. It keeps the bra anchored in place plus provides added support. Banded bras can be either underwire bras or wire-free.
Bandless Bras A bandless bra has no fabric band underneath the cups. Instead, the underwire channels form the bra's bottom edge. The bra's center and sides connect directly to these channels. The result is "less bra, more you": a clean, contemporary look.
Breathable Bras
Want to stay cool when your day heats up? Choose today's new breathable bras. Some are made with special fabrics designed to wick moisture from your skin, so you stay comfortably dry. Others have cup linings with tiny air pockets to allow refreshing ventilation.
Comfort-Strap Bras
Do your bra straps dig into your shoulders? Try switching to comfort-strap bras. Comfort-strap bras have wide cushioned straps that disperse pressure, relieve strain, and ease dig-in. Some comfort straps are cushioned with fiberfill. Others are filled with gel.
Contour Bras (Also see Molded-Cup Bras.)
Contour bras conform to your curves for a naturally shapely look. Most have sculpted cups, either lined or lightly padded, plus wires for lift and shaping. Many contour bras give superb support, so they're ideal for full-busted women. Others also enhance the bust, so they're perfect for smaller figures.
Convertible Bras
Sometimes you'd like to wear a strapless gown. Or a halter top. Or a tank. But who wants bra straps peeking out? Your solution: a convertible bra. Convertible bras have detachable straps that allow several wearing options. Remove the straps to go strapless. Attach them halter or crisscross style to wear under sleeveless tops. Even attach one strap diagonally to wear with one-shoulder fashions. A must for every woman's wardrobe.
CoolMax® Bras
That sweaty feeling? Forget about it. Choose a bra made with CoolMax polyester. This smooth performance fabric wicks moisture away from your skin, so you stay cooler and drier. Many sports bras and even some everyday bras contain some CoolMax fibers.
Cut-and-Sewn Bras (Also see Seamed Bras.)
Do you prefer bras that provide extra support? Consider a "cut-and-sewn" bra. Cut-and-sewn bras are highly constructed, with two-section or three-section cups. The cup sections are sewn together (seamed). The more seams, the greater the support. Which means you look and feel better. Choose from both wire-free and underwire styles.
Demi Bras
Do you long to take the plunge--with v-neck or low-cut fashions? Wear a demi bra underneath. Demi bras cover the nipple but not the entire breast. They have lower-cut necklines than standard bras, and wider-set ("camisole") straps. So, you can wear your favorite low-cut looks without worrying about peek-a-boo bra tops.
Foam-Cup Bras or Foam-Lined Bras or Stretch-Foam Bras
Do you wear knits, T-shirts, or other body-conscious styles? Then you'll want at least one foam-lined bra. Foam bras have cups lined with sleek, thin stretch foam, made of non-allergenic material. This foam conforms to your curves for gap-free custom fit. It provides smooth, natural shaping. And, best of all, it helps block show-through, so you can wear clingy clothes with confidence. Plus, since this foam is thinner than padding, it doesn't add extra bulk.
When stretch foam is ultra-thin, it's called micro-foam. When it's contoured — thinner at the sides and thicker toward the center — it's called graduated foam.
Front-Close Bras or Front-Hook Bras
Most bras fasten in back, usually with hooks and eyes. But front-close bras fasten in front with either hooks or clasps. This allows fast, easy "on / off." Ideal when you're dressing in a hurry. Great for women with arthritis. And perfect with low-cut tops.
Full-Figure Bras (Also see Plus-Size Bras.)
Do you wear a bra size between 38-50C-DD--or larger? Then you'll want a full-figure bra (either underwire or wire-free). Full-figure bras provide greater support than petite or average bras. Often they have wide cushioned straps, foam lining or fiberfill padding, and closures with three or four rows of hooks and eyes. Many full-figure bras are custom-designed for plus-size silhouettes.
Full-Support Bras
Even if you don't need a full-figure bra, you may require full support. Full-support bras provide lift and support via clever design details: seamed cups with banded edges, hidden under-cup slings, wide side wings, plus two- or three-hook closures. They may be either wire-free or underwire.
Gel-Strap Bras
Prefer bras with cushioned straps? Then you'll love our gel-strap bras. The straps are infused with silicone gel, so they're especially light on your shoulders. They disperse pressure more evenly, relieve strain, and ease dig-in, for comfort hour after hour.
Half-Size Bras
Are you between cup sizes? Is A too small but B too roomy? Is B a bit snug while C's too large? Try one of our half-size bras (exclusively from our Playtex® Thank Goodness It Fits® collection). These bras come in both full and half bra sizes, including NA (Nearly A), NB (Nearly B), and NC (Nearly C). So, they provide a more perfect fit, customized to your curves.
Laminated-Cup Bras
Laminated-cup bras are a lot like molded-cup bras. The cups consist of two fabric layers bonded or sealed together. These cups look sleek, not bulky. Yet their two-ply construction gives them extra strength for better support and shaping.
Light-Support Bras
Do you wear a bra size between 32 and 36, with a cup size like AA, A, or B? You'll want a light-support bra. Many light-support bras are unlined and wire-free, with seamless cups, bandless edges, and cutaway wings. These bras provide shaping plus just a bit of support. And, when they're made of soft fabrics like microfiber, they feel like they're "barely there."
Lycra® Spandex Bras
If your bra stretches, then it probably contains spandex. Spandex is a synthetic fiber with built-in "stretch memory." It's usually blended with another fabric, such as cotton, polyester, or nylon.
When you stretch, your spandex bra stretches with you. When you relax, it "remembers" (and recovers) its original shape. Result? You enjoy custom fit, all-day comfort, free-moving ease, plus shape-keeping durability. Many spandex bras contain anywhere from 2% to 15% spandex.
Lycra® spandex is a premium spandex produced and marketed by Invista. It is used in many stretch bras.
Maternity Bras or Nursing Bras
During pregnancy and right afterward, you need a special bra: a nursing / maternity bra.
Maternity bras come in softer fabrics to pamper tender tissue. The cups usually stretch to accommodate changing breast size. Plus, the cups have special openings for easy access during nursing.
Microfiber Bras
For skin-caressing softness, nothing beats microfiber fabric. This high-tech synthetic is made with ultra-fine filaments, tightly knit for super smoothness. So, it's literally softer than silk. Plus, it breathes well, for cooling comfort.
All microfiber bras come in this ultra-soft fabric. These bras pamper your skin, keep their shape, and wash with ease. And, since they're so smooth, your clothes glide right on and drape more gracefully, too.
Microfiber bras can be either nylon or polyester, often with a little added spandex for stretch-perfect fit.
Minimizer Bras
Do your blouses gap in front? You may need a minimizer bra (available only in larger cup sizes). Minimizer bras reduce your bust-line by up to one cup size or more. They gently redistribute tissue to shape and streamline your curves. Result: Your clothes fit and feel better. Choose from seamed and seamless minimizer bras, in both wire-free and underwire styles.
Moderate-Support Bras (Also see Average-Figure Bras.)
Do you wear bra size 34 or 36, with a B or C cup? Then you'll want a moderate-support bra. Fortunately, most bras come in your size, so you have many styles to choose from!
Moisture-Wicking Bras
Perspiration can feel hot and sticky. The solution? A moisture-wicking bra. Moisture-wicking bras feature special fabrics that pull moisture away from your skin. (It's called "wicking.") The moisture then evaporates quickly and leaves you comfortably dry. Moisture-wicking bras can be either sports bras or everyday styles.
Molded-Cup Bras (Also see Contour Bras.)
Prefer a naturally shapely look? Choose a bra with molded cups. These cups conform to your curves and mimic your body's contours. So, they fit like a second skin...and work with your shape, not against it. Usually they're lined or lightly padded, with underwires for lift and shaping.
No-Wire Bras (Also see Soft-Cup Bras and Wire-Free Bras.)
No-wire bras have no underwires...which can mean greater comfort. And today many no-wire bras also offer great support, thanks to clever design details: criss-cross frames; inner under-cup slings; 2-ply, molded, lined, or padded cups. Some no-wire bras give light to moderate support, for petite to average figures. Others furnish full support.
Padded Bras
Sometimes you want a little extra boost. That's where padded bras come in. Padded bras have thicker padding than regular stretch-foam bras. Their cups are lined with enough foam or fiberfill to add volume as well as shaping. Many padded bras add up to an entire cup size. So, they're ideal for women who'd like to enhance their assets.
Plus-Size Bras (Also see Full-Figure Bras.)
Do you wear a bra size between 38-50C-DD--or larger? Consider a plus-size bra (either underwire or wire-free). Plus-size bras provide greater support than petite or average bras. Often they have wide cushioned straps, foam lining or fiberfill padding, and closures with three or four rows of hooks and eyes. Many plus-size bras are custom-designed for women with fuller figures.
Push-up Bras
Every woman needs at least one push-up bra. So, go ahead--indulge! Push-up bras make your cleavage look fuller, rounder, and sexier. The cups are cleverly angled to give your curves a boost. Plus, they're usually padded to shape and enhance your bust. Sometimes they have small removable pads--called cookies--for extra volume.
Racer-Back Bras
Racer-back bras have Y-shaped backs that curve in between the shoulder blades. These racing-style backs add extra support plus keep bra straps anchored in place. Many sports bras and even some everyday bras have racer-back designs. Racer-back bras work well under sleeveless tops: The bra straps won't peek out or slide off shoulders.
Santoni® Bras (Also see Seam-Free / Stitch Free Bras.)
Santoni bras are seamless all over, not just in the cups. The only seams appear where the bra straps attach to the bra. Result? Santoni bras feel blissfully soft and look super-smooth under clothes. The secret's the special fabric, knit in one seamless piece on a circular knitting machine. For ultimate comfort, try a Santoni bra made of silky-soft stretch microfiber.
Seamed Bras (Also see Cut-&-Sewn Bras.)
Do you prefer bras that provide extra support? Consider a seamed bra. Seamed bras are highly constructed, with two-section or three-section cups. The cup sections are sewn together (seamed). The more seams, the greater the support. Which means you look and feel better. Choose from both wire-free and underwire styles.
Seamless Bras
Want a smooth no-line look under clothes? Opt for a seamless bra. Seamless bras have cups with no seams, for a sleek modern silhouette. Many seamless bras have clever details designed to add support--such as special linings and hidden under-cup slings.
Seam-Free / Stitch-Free Bras (Also see Santoni® Bras.)
Seam-free bras are seamless all over, not just in the cups. The only seams appear where the bra straps attach to the bra. Result? Seam-free bras feel blissfully soft and look super-smooth under clothes. The secret's the special fabric, knit in one seamless piece on a circular knitting machine. For ultimate comfort, try a seam-free bra made of silky-soft stretch microfiber.
Shelf Bras
Shelf bras provide a light layer of fabric for modesty. Usually they have an elastic bottom band for support. Shelf bras are often sewn inside camisoles and swimsuits.
Soft-Cup Bras (Also see No-Wire Bras and Wire-free Bras.)
Soft-cup have no underwires...which can mean greater comfort. And today many soft-cup bras also offer great support, thanks to clever design details: criss-cross frames; inner under-cup slings; 2-ply, molded, lined, or padded cups. Some soft-cup bras give light to moderate support, for petite to average figures. Others furnish full support.
Sports Bras (Also see Athletic Bras.)
When you move, so does your bust. It's called "bounce." And it can cause discomfort during workouts. Repeated bounce can even damage tissue. The solution? A good sports bra. Sports bras give needed support to help control jarring bounce. Most provide either medium or high motion control, depending on whether they're designed for moderate or intense activity levels. Many sports bras also wick away moisture to keep you cool and dry.
Strapless Bras
If you're wearing a strapless gown, you need a strapless bra — a bra with no shoulder straps. Today's strapless bras stay up better than ever, and also give great support, thanks to design details such as padding, boning, and shaping panels. Many strapless bras come with detachable straps for multiple wearing options.
T-Shirt Bras
Like many knit garments, T-shirts cling. Which means your bra seams (and your nipples) may show through. The solution? A T-shirt bra. T-shirt bras are usually seamless, so they're smooth under clingy clothes. Plus, they're either lined with sleek foam or lightly padded with polyfill, so they block embarrassing show-through.
Tricot Bras
Many full-support bras come in tricot (either nylon or polyester). This finely knit fabric doesn't stretch, so it provides more stable support. Plus, since it's thin and fine, it looks and feels light and sleek. That means tricot bras bring you the best of both: full support plus airy comfort.
Underwire Bras
Underwire bras have flexible wires inside the bottom cups. These wires provide lift and support for a shapely, sag-free look. Usually they're plush-backed or cushion-tipped to help assure no-poke comfort. Most underwire bras offer moderate to full support.
Wire-free Bras (Also see No-Wire Bras and Soft-Cup Bras.)
Wire-free have no underwires...which can mean greater comfort. And today many wire-free bras also offer great support, thanks to clever design details: criss-cross frames; inner under-cup slings; 2-ply, molded, lined, or padded cups. Some wire-free bras give light to moderate support, for petite to average figures. Others furnish full support.
SPORTS BRA GLOSSARY
MCR
Motion Control Rating. MCR evaluates the amount of breast motion ("bounce") involved in physical activities. It gauges the level of support a sports bra must provide in order to control bounce at particular activity levels. High MCR sports bras control bounce during intense activities. Medium MCR sports bras control bounce during more moderate workouts.
DOUBLE DRY® SPORTS BRAS
Double Dry Champion sports bras feature our exclusive Double Dry fabric. Unlike many wicking fabrics, Double Dry has two layers. The inner layer's capillary action quickly wicks moisture to the outer layer, where it cannot re-contact your skin. Result? Ultimate moisture control, for cooler, drier workouts.
SEAMLESS SPORTS BRAS
Seamless Champion sports bras are made with a revolutionary seam-free knitting process. There are no seams, not even side seams, and virtually no stitches. As a result, these sleek-fitting sports bras give you maximum support while reducing painful chafing. Some Champion sports bras combine seam-free styling with Double Dry moisture control, for ultimate support and comfort.
FULL-SUPPORT SPORTS BRAS
Certain Champion sports bras provide comfortable full support for larger-busted women. These bras combine sleek compression fabrics with designs that encapsulate the bust. Result: stable, secure support for C, D, and DD cups. That means full-figured women can participate in high-motion workouts—comfortably—with confidence.
COMPRESSION SPORTS BRAS
Some Champion sports bras are made with compression fabrics. These sleek stretch fabrics hug the breasts closer to the chest wall, for greater support and comfort. Most compression bras boast simple designs—no wires; non-adjustable straps—for faster, easier on / off. So, they're great for active women who put a premium on convenience.
UNDERWIRE SPORTS BRAS
Underwire Champion sports bras have flexible cushioned wires inside the bottom cups. These wires lift and support the breasts, for a shapelier, sag-free look. They also add extra stability to help control jarring bounce.
SPORTS BRAS WITH MOLDED CUPS
Some Champion sports bras have molded cups, designed to conform to your curves. These cups control breast motion ("bounce") without compressing your bust. Result: a sleek, sculpted silhouette with naturally shapely contours
INNERWEAR SPORTS BRAS
Many Champion sports bras are made to go under your clothes. These bras encapsulate the bust, to separate and stabilize the breasts. Result: ultimate support for high-intensity workouts. Often these innerwear bras include thoughtful design details and advanced performance features—such as comfort straps, cushioned underwires, and Double Dry moisture control.
SHAPING SPORTS BRAS
Champion shaping sports bras create naturally contoured curves. Typically they have molded two-ply cups and/or spacer-fabric linings...so they subtly enhance your bust as they shape, support, and define. The result is a truly feminine look that flatters every cup size.
T-BACK & RACER-BACK SPORTS BRAS
Many Champion sports bras have T- or Y-shaped backs, which curve in between the shoulder blades. These racer-style backs add extra support to help control damaging bounce. Plus, they keep bra straps anchored securely in place.
BACK-CLOSE SPORTS BRAS
Many Champion sports bras fasten in back with plush-lined hook-&-eye closures. The advantage? A sleeker, less bulky look in front.
FRONT-CLOSE SPORTS BRAS
Some Champion sports bras fasten in front, usually with plush-lined zippers. The advantage? These bras slip on and off easily—a special boon for full-figured women.
性爱时女人小阴唇的作用
性爱时女人小阴唇的作用
女性性器官的组成部分之一就是阴唇，它们是环绕阴道口的两对唇状组织，靠外而较大的一对是大阴唇，靠内而较小的一对是小阴唇，它们（尤其是小阴唇）除对性刺激十分敏感之外，还对其内邻的尿道口和阴道口具有保护作用。www_sexjk_com
小阴唇是女性外生殖器的一部分，为一对纵长的皮肤粘膜皱襞，位于两侧大阴唇之间。
小阴唇柔软、无皮下脂肪，有丰富的皮脂腺和汗腺，表面湿润、光滑无毛。粘膜下有丰富的神经分布，因此感觉十分敏锐。
小阴唇较薄，其大小和形状因人的不同而存在较大差异。有的并不对称，一边大一边小，这都是正常的。
未婚及已婚末产女性，小阴唇是闭合的，起着保护阴道和内生殖器的作用，是女性自然防御机能的一部分。
小阴唇前端相互融合并分为两叶，前叶包绕阴蒂形成阴蒂包皮，后叶形成阴蒂系带。小阴唇后端与大阴唇后端相汇合，在中线形成一条皱襞，为阴唇系带，分娩时易撕裂。
小阴唇位于大阴唇内侧，也是皮肤皱襞，其上无阴毛生长，表面光滑、细腻，富有弹性，多呈淡红色，湿润似粘膜，有皮脂腺分布其上。皮下有血管、弹性纤维和少量平滑肌，并有丰富的神经分布，感觉很敏锐。小阴唇的形态和大小存在很大的个体差异，有的人小阴唇长得很窄，有的人小阴唇却长得很长，一直垂到大阴唇的外边。有的十分肥厚，有的却很单薄，有的呈不规则伞状；有的像指甲盖那样大，呈典型的半圆形。有的人呈淡红色；有的是棕红色；有的人小阴唇甚至有两种颜色，外侧面呈棕黑色，内侧面为粉红色。一般而论，其颜色随年龄和分娩次数而加深。有些非洲部落的妇女以小阴唇的长度为骄傲，故从小牵拉它，于是成年后的小阴唇又厚又长，高高地突于大阴唇之外，但其大小对性反应并无明显影响。
不论是未经产妇还是经产妇，在她们进入性兴奋期之后，小阴唇都会充血肿胀，其直径都会显著扩张，到平台期时可增加到2—3倍。随着直径的增加，它由保护性的大阴唇屏障中突伸出来，这将使性交时的阴道管的有效长度至少延长1厘米之多，并有助于阴道口的张开。一旦直径增加之后，小阴唇就为其最独特的女性性生理反应（色泽改变）作好了准备。在平台期里，几乎所有妇女的小阴唇都会出现鲜明的颜色反应。未经产妇由粉红向亮红色变化，并沿阴道外口向周围扩散，包括阴蒂包皮在内。
经产妇颜色由亮红色变为深紫红色。作为一个规律，小阴唇的颜色改变越深，盆腔和阴唇的静脉曲张的程度也就越严重。由于平台期颜色改变是如此特殊，故把处于性反应状态的小阴唇称之为“性皮肤”。在绝经期之前的妇女中凡已达到平台期性紧张水平并出现“性皮肤”颜色改变者，都会经历性高潮过程。为支持上述论述，必须假定引起性皮肤颜色改变的特定形式的有效的性刺激持续保持而不发生重大改变（这里提到的性皮肤是特指的，不要与人们平常说的雌性猴、猩猩动情期的皮肤颜色等改变相混淆）。如果撤除有效的性刺激就不能达到高潮期释放，小阴唇的颜色改变也将迅速消退，它的消退比性紧张造成的阴唇直径的增加之消退要快得多。
很明显，性皮肤可以就个体所经历的性紧张程度为临床提供满意的证据，颜色改变与个体对特定的性刺激的反应是成正比的。必须强调性皮肤反应的发生是临床上高潮表现即将来临的征兆。在所有观察到的得到性紧张高潮释放的妇女中，都能证实事先曾发生过性皮肤颜色改变。
在消退期，小阴唇颜色迅速地（10—15秒内）由深或亮红色消退成浅粉色。颜色消失的第二阶段（完全恢复到未刺激状态的色泽）也很快，但远不是那么特别有规律了。在性皮肤经历的这种持续的或继发性的性紧张色泽改变时，消退不一致常导致皮肤外观呈斑点状。
当小阴唇已经出现平台期色泽改变后，其直径至少会增加2倍，这将有助于阴道外口的张开。此外，性皮肤着色不仅预示着强烈的女性性紧张度水平，并且在保持有效的性刺激的情况下成为即将迫近的性欲高潮的临床指征。
女性性器官的组成部分之一就是阴唇，它们是环绕阴道口的两对唇状组织，靠外而较大的一对是大阴唇，靠内而较小的一对是小阴唇，它们（尤其是小阴唇）除对性刺激十分敏感之外，还对其内邻的尿道口和阴道口具有保护作用。www_sexjk_com
小阴唇是女性外生殖器的一部分，为一对纵长的皮肤粘膜皱襞，位于两侧大阴唇之间。
小阴唇柔软、无皮下脂肪，有丰富的皮脂腺和汗腺，表面湿润、光滑无毛。粘膜下有丰富的神经分布，因此感觉十分敏锐。
小阴唇较薄，其大小和形状因人的不同而存在较大差异。有的并不对称，一边大一边小，这都是正常的。
未婚及已婚末产女性，小阴唇是闭合的，起着保护阴道和内生殖器的作用，是女性自然防御机能的一部分。
小阴唇前端相互融合并分为两叶，前叶包绕阴蒂形成阴蒂包皮，后叶形成阴蒂系带。小阴唇后端与大阴唇后端相汇合，在中线形成一条皱襞，为阴唇系带，分娩时易撕裂。
小阴唇位于大阴唇内侧，也是皮肤皱襞，其上无阴毛生长，表面光滑、细腻，富有弹性，多呈淡红色，湿润似粘膜，有皮脂腺分布其上。皮下有血管、弹性纤维和少量平滑肌，并有丰富的神经分布，感觉很敏锐。小阴唇的形态和大小存在很大的个体差异，有的人小阴唇长得很窄，有的人小阴唇却长得很长，一直垂到大阴唇的外边。有的十分肥厚，有的却很单薄，有的呈不规则伞状；有的像指甲盖那样大，呈典型的半圆形。有的人呈淡红色；有的是棕红色；有的人小阴唇甚至有两种颜色，外侧面呈棕黑色，内侧面为粉红色。一般而论，其颜色随年龄和分娩次数而加深。有些非洲部落的妇女以小阴唇的长度为骄傲，故从小牵拉它，于是成年后的小阴唇又厚又长，高高地突于大阴唇之外，但其大小对性反应并无明显影响。
不论是未经产妇还是经产妇，在她们进入性兴奋期之后，小阴唇都会充血肿胀，其直径都会显著扩张，到平台期时可增加到2—3倍。随着直径的增加，它由保护性的大阴唇屏障中突伸出来，这将使性交时的阴道管的有效长度至少延长1厘米之多，并有助于阴道口的张开。一旦直径增加之后，小阴唇就为其最独特的女性性生理反应（色泽改变）作好了准备。在平台期里，几乎所有妇女的小阴唇都会出现鲜明的颜色反应。未经产妇由粉红向亮红色变化，并沿阴道外口向周围扩散，包括阴蒂包皮在内。
经产妇颜色由亮红色变为深紫红色。作为一个规律，小阴唇的颜色改变越深，盆腔和阴唇的静脉曲张的程度也就越严重。由于平台期颜色改变是如此特殊，故把处于性反应状态的小阴唇称之为“性皮肤”。在绝经期之前的妇女中凡已达到平台期性紧张水平并出现“性皮肤”颜色改变者，都会经历性高潮过程。为支持上述论述，必须假定引起性皮肤颜色改变的特定形式的有效的性刺激持续保持而不发生重大改变（这里提到的性皮肤是特指的，不要与人们平常说的雌性猴、猩猩动情期的皮肤颜色等改变相混淆）。如果撤除有效的性刺激就不能达到高潮期释放，小阴唇的颜色改变也将迅速消退，它的消退比性紧张造成的阴唇直径的增加之消退要快得多。
很明显，性皮肤可以就个体所经历的性紧张程度为临床提供满意的证据，颜色改变与个体对特定的性刺激的反应是成正比的。必须强调性皮肤反应的发生是临床上高潮表现即将来临的征兆。在所有观察到的得到性紧张高潮释放的妇女中，都能证实事先曾发生过性皮肤颜色改变。
在消退期，小阴唇颜色迅速地（10—15秒内）由深或亮红色消退成浅粉色。颜色消失的第二阶段（完全恢复到未刺激状态的色泽）也很快，但远不是那么特别有规律了。在性皮肤经历的这种持续的或继发性的性紧张色泽改变时，消退不一致常导致皮肤外观呈斑点状。
当小阴唇已经出现平台期色泽改变后，其直径至少会增加2倍，这将有助于阴道外口的张开。此外，性皮肤着色不仅预示着强烈的女性性紧张度水平，并且在保持有效的性刺激的情况下成为即将迫近的性欲高潮的临床指征。
How to choose a correct Lingerie
Hugs & Kisses Push-up Bra
-------------------------------
Seamed, underwire, shaped cups
Stretch floral lace
Lightly padded cups prevent show-through
Flirty lip-shaped push-up pads enhance cleavage
Flattering, plunging neckline
Sexy fishnet on side wings
Delicate scalloped trim
Rigid front straps, adjustable back straps
3 column, 2 row hook and eye back closure
-------------------------------
Seamed, underwire, shaped cups
Stretch floral lace
Lightly padded cups prevent show-through
Flirty lip-shaped push-up pads enhance cleavage
Flattering, plunging neckline
Sexy fishnet on side wings
Delicate scalloped trim
Rigid front straps, adjustable back straps
3 column, 2 row hook and eye back closure
Dress For Your Chest
Dress For Your Chest
No matter what you've got to work with, we've all had our share of chest issues when it comes to clothes. But before you give in and throw on that bulky college sweatshirt, check out our guide to dressing for your chest. Whether you want to add some oomph to smaller busts, accentuate what you already have, or minimize what's on top, take a look at some of our great clothing finds for smaller, medium, and fuller chests. These picks will bring out the best of your body and have you loving every inch in no time flat.
p{line-height: 18px;color:#666666;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:normal;margin:0 0 1em 0;padding:0px;}
Fuller Chests: Emphasize Shape and Cover Up With Class
If you're blessed with an ample bust, there are a few things you can do to create a more elegant look. The point is not to hide your assets but to complement them with fabrics and cuts that won't compete with your body's natural shape.
Goals:
Minimize extra large breasts. Solution: V-necks are the most becoming, as they open up your face and neck, pulling attention upward. Choose a fabric that won't cling too tightly to the chest, like cashmere or another soft knit.
Highlight shape. Solution: Wrap cardigans separate the chest instead of smooshing it into an unflattering shape. The lightweight knit of a cashmere sweater doesn't add extra bulk, and belted styles create a flattering cinching of the waist.
Cover up and still look chic. Solution: A blazer will help to camouflage larger chests and add style to any ensemble. Steer clear of double-breasted jackets, and aim for ones that end near the waist.
Bonus Accessory Tip: Large earrings keep the attention on your face instead of on your chest. Try teardrop-shaped chandelier earrings.
Medium Chests:
Turn it Up, Turn it Down
Women caught in the middle enjoy the best of both worlds. You can play down your chest when necessary, or show the girls off when the mood strikes.
Goals:
Emphasize your assets. Solution: Empire seams are flattering, as they draw attention to your chest. An empire waist tank dress is the perfect party dress, combining sophistication with fun.
Downplay your chest without disguising your femininity. Solution: Try a long scoop-neck cardigan, the perfect way to stay casual without covering your curves. Another option is an oxford shirt. This guy-inspired design probably wouldn't flatter other sizes, but for a gal in the medium range, it's a perfect way to cover up and still look like a woman.
Get some support while experimenting with different necklines. Solution: Lucky you—you've got the chest to fill out a dress, but you don't need serious support. Because you have the luxury of wearing so many styles, a convertible bra will be an asset to your wardrobe. Its convertible powers adjust to fit under anything from a strapless gown to a cute halter top.
Bonus Accessory Tip: Any style will work for you, so you can wear beaded necklaces knotted, layered or long.
Smaller Chests: Optical Enhancement
Just because you don't have double Ds doesn't mean you won't look great in today's fashions. There are plenty of styles you can wear that larger breasted women can't.
Goals:
Highlight your small frame. Solution: Use a halter top to show off your petite structure. The halter dress is perfect: its cut accentuates the shoulders and back, but won't be too revealing.
Create a bustline where there is none. Solution: Seek out pieces with fabric gathering near the chest area, as this adds dimension. Ruffles strategically placed pump up the volume where you need it.
Stay cozy but don't flatten your form. Solution: Opt for chunkier cardigans that will add texture to your outfit better than thinner fabrics.
Bonus Accessory Tip: Long pendant necklaces are perfect for smaller chests, as they will lie flat against your torso. Pendants might get lost on bustier women, but for you they will be perfectly chic.
Wardrobe Malfunctions: Fix 'Em Fast!
We all know even the most flattering pieces don't always behave. In order to prevent potential chest disasters, here are some tricks of the trade that will ensure great coverage and eternal peace of mind.
Problem: Button Gap
Try tape strips to keep your shirts and tops in place. This is an adhesive that comes in various shapes and sizes, so you can put them just about anywhere they're needed. These little guys are also lifesavers for strapless dresses and plunging necklines.
Problem: It's Cold Inside
Silicone gel petals are so practical and discreet, women of every size should own a pair. They prevent embarrassing peek-a-boo moments and lend a general smoothness to your fabulous chest.
No matter what you've got to work with, we've all had our share of chest issues when it comes to clothes. But before you give in and throw on that bulky college sweatshirt, check out our guide to dressing for your chest. Whether you want to add some oomph to smaller busts, accentuate what you already have, or minimize what's on top, take a look at some of our great clothing finds for smaller, medium, and fuller chests. These picks will bring out the best of your body and have you loving every inch in no time flat.
p{line-height: 18px;color:#666666;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:normal;margin:0 0 1em 0;padding:0px;}
Fuller Chests: Emphasize Shape and Cover Up With Class
If you're blessed with an ample bust, there are a few things you can do to create a more elegant look. The point is not to hide your assets but to complement them with fabrics and cuts that won't compete with your body's natural shape.
Goals:
Minimize extra large breasts. Solution: V-necks are the most becoming, as they open up your face and neck, pulling attention upward. Choose a fabric that won't cling too tightly to the chest, like cashmere or another soft knit.
Highlight shape. Solution: Wrap cardigans separate the chest instead of smooshing it into an unflattering shape. The lightweight knit of a cashmere sweater doesn't add extra bulk, and belted styles create a flattering cinching of the waist.
Cover up and still look chic. Solution: A blazer will help to camouflage larger chests and add style to any ensemble. Steer clear of double-breasted jackets, and aim for ones that end near the waist.
Bonus Accessory Tip: Large earrings keep the attention on your face instead of on your chest. Try teardrop-shaped chandelier earrings.
Medium Chests:
Turn it Up, Turn it Down
Women caught in the middle enjoy the best of both worlds. You can play down your chest when necessary, or show the girls off when the mood strikes.
Goals:
Emphasize your assets. Solution: Empire seams are flattering, as they draw attention to your chest. An empire waist tank dress is the perfect party dress, combining sophistication with fun.
Downplay your chest without disguising your femininity. Solution: Try a long scoop-neck cardigan, the perfect way to stay casual without covering your curves. Another option is an oxford shirt. This guy-inspired design probably wouldn't flatter other sizes, but for a gal in the medium range, it's a perfect way to cover up and still look like a woman.
Get some support while experimenting with different necklines. Solution: Lucky you—you've got the chest to fill out a dress, but you don't need serious support. Because you have the luxury of wearing so many styles, a convertible bra will be an asset to your wardrobe. Its convertible powers adjust to fit under anything from a strapless gown to a cute halter top.
Bonus Accessory Tip: Any style will work for you, so you can wear beaded necklaces knotted, layered or long.
Smaller Chests: Optical Enhancement
Just because you don't have double Ds doesn't mean you won't look great in today's fashions. There are plenty of styles you can wear that larger breasted women can't.
Goals:
Highlight your small frame. Solution: Use a halter top to show off your petite structure. The halter dress is perfect: its cut accentuates the shoulders and back, but won't be too revealing.
Create a bustline where there is none. Solution: Seek out pieces with fabric gathering near the chest area, as this adds dimension. Ruffles strategically placed pump up the volume where you need it.
Stay cozy but don't flatten your form. Solution: Opt for chunkier cardigans that will add texture to your outfit better than thinner fabrics.
Bonus Accessory Tip: Long pendant necklaces are perfect for smaller chests, as they will lie flat against your torso. Pendants might get lost on bustier women, but for you they will be perfectly chic.
Wardrobe Malfunctions: Fix 'Em Fast!
We all know even the most flattering pieces don't always behave. In order to prevent potential chest disasters, here are some tricks of the trade that will ensure great coverage and eternal peace of mind.
Problem: Button Gap
Try tape strips to keep your shirts and tops in place. This is an adhesive that comes in various shapes and sizes, so you can put them just about anywhere they're needed. These little guys are also lifesavers for strapless dresses and plunging necklines.
Problem: It's Cold Inside
Silicone gel petals are so practical and discreet, women of every size should own a pair. They prevent embarrassing peek-a-boo moments and lend a general smoothness to your fabulous chest.
Thursday, February 28, 2008
女人走进性高潮必修准则
女人走进性高潮必修准则
女性想要达到高潮，请不要乞求性的技巧，首先要调整好自己的心态，只有拿出全部的激情，全身心地投入其中才是达到性高潮的捷径。
我们一再宣传，女性最好把性高潮看做是一种心理感受，可以尽量争取接近它，却不可以人为地确定一些标准，再煞费苦心地去寻求。性高潮因人而异，只要你自认为获得了相当大的性满足，换句话说，只要你感觉很舒服，就可以说是达到性高潮了。
尽管很多女性相信我的理论，但她们还是执拗地追问我: “就算是把性高潮看做心理感受，那么获得这种感受是不是有什么诀窍？”
我知道提出这个问题的一部分人的心理，她们向往的是能学到一些具体办法，然后运用到性交合中，就像把圆木滚下山一样容易地获得最大的性快乐了。这种愿望当然是不错的，但我却不能不遗憾地指出，在促成性高潮出现的诸多因素中，最重要的就是心理因素。固然有些办法颇具效果，比如很多女性都反映说，在做爱时加强用手触摸可以获得强烈的快感，但这些办法并不算什么秘密，任何人都能无师自通，用不着别人去指导。
女性要想达到性高潮，必须遵守以下三点准则：
第一，正确对待自己的性器官。容易达到性高潮的女性都谈到，她们对自己的性器官都有一个正确认识，懂得怎样很好地爱护它，并能够欣喜地发挥它的特殊作用。而那些不容易达到性高潮的女子却与之相反，她们很厌恶自己的性器官，或者为它感到羞耻，因而当快感从这些器官中悄然而起时，她们就不是愉快地接受它，而是惶惑地拒绝它。显然，连最初的快感都受到阻碍，又怎能向性高潮的极点发展呢？
第二，将从性生活中获得乐趣当做惟一的目的。在接受性专家采访时，那些容易达到性高潮的女性都这样说，她们进行性活动的目的就是为了得到乐趣，因而就能采取积极主动、热情如火的态度，也敢于要求配偶以配合。而另外一些女性就不是这样，她们在进行性活动的同时，心中还在转着什么别的念头。比如，有的女性怀疑丈夫有外遇，便想借助这个机会观察他有无异常;有的女性想以此取悦丈夫，因而就十分留意丈夫的反应；还有的女性非常关心受孕，因而时刻注意丈夫是否射精。不管属于那种情形，她们都把精力放在了别人身上，而不是全部投人到性生活中去，这就难怪她们难以获得性高潮。
第三，在床上将其他事情全都抛开。一位容易达到性高潮的女性说：“我一上床就能把所有的不快扔到脑后，一心只想着性的乐趣，于是我全身都感到轻松、兴奋、享受……终于达到了性高潮。”如果能像这位女性这样做到自觉地自我放松，把情绪调整到最佳状态，那当然是再好不过了，但对大多数女性来说，要她们马上做到这一点，似乎还有些困难，但她们起码要懂得，烦恼、忧虑、愤怒、心有旁鹜等不良情绪都能转移性快感的注意力，冲淡性愉悦的体验。懂得这个道理后，就要努力去创造美好的心境。你可能做不到在决定过性生活后再有效地进行自我 放松，但却完全可以做到在自我放松之后再去寻求性接触。你可能不会创造好的情绪，但却可以做到避免不愉快的产生。
有了好的情绪后，还不能保证你在性生活中精力集中，因为有许多小事情仍然造成你的注意力分散。这些事情虽然无关宏旨，但却是影响女性获得性满足的最常见障碍。比如，正当你在做爱时，忽然从隔壁传来孩子的哭声，或者电话铃突然大作，或者风把未关好的门或窗户刮开了，这些意外声响都会立刻转移女性的注意力，使大脑阻止身体去体验性快乐。
有一位女性在这方面的做法很值得效仿。据她介绍，每次做爱之前，她都要去看一看孩子是否睡实了，前门的灯是否闭了，电话听筒是否从电话机上摘下来了。如果这些都安排好了，她就能一心一意地去体会
性生活的愉悦，并能很快达到性高潮。
还有一件事情需要在这里顺便说一下，那就是有些夫妻为了给性生活创造浪漫的气氛，便在做爱的同时播放音乐。根据性专家的报告，这种办法并不能产生预期的效果，反而会产生不良影响，有很多人容易被音乐旋律吸引过去，从而妨碍了性感受。如果是播放带歌词的歌曲，那么破坏效果就更为严重。
根据性专家的建议，如果要想克服外部干扰引起的分神，可以利用白色的声音，即不间断发出的声音或单调的声音，如风扇声，流水声，按摩器的声音，还有一些录有大自然音响的唱片， 都可能使做爱的双方身心得到松弛。
女性想要达到高潮，请不要乞求性的技巧，首先要调整好自己的心态，只有拿出全部的激情，全身心地投入其中才是达到性高潮的捷径。
我们一再宣传，女性最好把性高潮看做是一种心理感受，可以尽量争取接近它，却不可以人为地确定一些标准，再煞费苦心地去寻求。性高潮因人而异，只要你自认为获得了相当大的性满足，换句话说，只要你感觉很舒服，就可以说是达到性高潮了。
尽管很多女性相信我的理论，但她们还是执拗地追问我: “就算是把性高潮看做心理感受，那么获得这种感受是不是有什么诀窍？”
我知道提出这个问题的一部分人的心理，她们向往的是能学到一些具体办法，然后运用到性交合中，就像把圆木滚下山一样容易地获得最大的性快乐了。这种愿望当然是不错的，但我却不能不遗憾地指出，在促成性高潮出现的诸多因素中，最重要的就是心理因素。固然有些办法颇具效果，比如很多女性都反映说，在做爱时加强用手触摸可以获得强烈的快感，但这些办法并不算什么秘密，任何人都能无师自通，用不着别人去指导。
女性要想达到性高潮，必须遵守以下三点准则：
第一，正确对待自己的性器官。容易达到性高潮的女性都谈到，她们对自己的性器官都有一个正确认识，懂得怎样很好地爱护它，并能够欣喜地发挥它的特殊作用。而那些不容易达到性高潮的女子却与之相反，她们很厌恶自己的性器官，或者为它感到羞耻，因而当快感从这些器官中悄然而起时，她们就不是愉快地接受它，而是惶惑地拒绝它。显然，连最初的快感都受到阻碍，又怎能向性高潮的极点发展呢？
第二，将从性生活中获得乐趣当做惟一的目的。在接受性专家采访时，那些容易达到性高潮的女性都这样说，她们进行性活动的目的就是为了得到乐趣，因而就能采取积极主动、热情如火的态度，也敢于要求配偶以配合。而另外一些女性就不是这样，她们在进行性活动的同时，心中还在转着什么别的念头。比如，有的女性怀疑丈夫有外遇，便想借助这个机会观察他有无异常;有的女性想以此取悦丈夫，因而就十分留意丈夫的反应；还有的女性非常关心受孕，因而时刻注意丈夫是否射精。不管属于那种情形，她们都把精力放在了别人身上，而不是全部投人到性生活中去，这就难怪她们难以获得性高潮。
第三，在床上将其他事情全都抛开。一位容易达到性高潮的女性说：“我一上床就能把所有的不快扔到脑后，一心只想着性的乐趣，于是我全身都感到轻松、兴奋、享受……终于达到了性高潮。”如果能像这位女性这样做到自觉地自我放松，把情绪调整到最佳状态，那当然是再好不过了，但对大多数女性来说，要她们马上做到这一点，似乎还有些困难，但她们起码要懂得，烦恼、忧虑、愤怒、心有旁鹜等不良情绪都能转移性快感的注意力，冲淡性愉悦的体验。懂得这个道理后，就要努力去创造美好的心境。你可能做不到在决定过性生活后再有效地进行自我 放松，但却完全可以做到在自我放松之后再去寻求性接触。你可能不会创造好的情绪，但却可以做到避免不愉快的产生。
有了好的情绪后，还不能保证你在性生活中精力集中，因为有许多小事情仍然造成你的注意力分散。这些事情虽然无关宏旨，但却是影响女性获得性满足的最常见障碍。比如，正当你在做爱时，忽然从隔壁传来孩子的哭声，或者电话铃突然大作，或者风把未关好的门或窗户刮开了，这些意外声响都会立刻转移女性的注意力，使大脑阻止身体去体验性快乐。
有一位女性在这方面的做法很值得效仿。据她介绍，每次做爱之前，她都要去看一看孩子是否睡实了，前门的灯是否闭了，电话听筒是否从电话机上摘下来了。如果这些都安排好了，她就能一心一意地去体会
性生活的愉悦，并能很快达到性高潮。
还有一件事情需要在这里顺便说一下，那就是有些夫妻为了给性生活创造浪漫的气氛，便在做爱的同时播放音乐。根据性专家的报告，这种办法并不能产生预期的效果，反而会产生不良影响，有很多人容易被音乐旋律吸引过去，从而妨碍了性感受。如果是播放带歌词的歌曲，那么破坏效果就更为严重。
根据性专家的建议，如果要想克服外部干扰引起的分神，可以利用白色的声音，即不间断发出的声音或单调的声音，如风扇声，流水声，按摩器的声音，还有一些录有大自然音响的唱片， 都可能使做爱的双方身心得到松弛。
十一招享受刺激性爱和绝顶快感
怎样让你的男人给你激情的高潮？要动点小脑筋才行，看看下面的十一招秘密技巧，床上的刺激性爱和绝顶快感来的就这么容易……
理解丈夫的需求
美国电影《安妮-霍尔》中，伍迪-艾伦向他的心理医生抱怨说，他与妻子根本没有什么性生活，最多每周两次，有时三次。与此同时，他的妻子向医生抱怨他们几乎所有时间都在做爱，每周至少两次，有时甚至会三次。
在有关对性生活的抱怨中，“不够多”是男人抱怨最多的问题，而“不够浪漫”成为女人最大的不满。事实上，女性性意识觉醒普遍比男性晚，男人的性意识是直接而干脆的，女人却显得深邃而难窥其痕迹。男女两性在性反应中存在着生理差异和心理差异。妻子应该充分理解这点。
况且丈夫性需求未明显衰退，证明其仍有较旺盛的精力，这是健康的表现。对此，女人应当高兴而不是抱怨和不耐烦。
理解丈夫的需求
美国电影《安妮-霍尔》中，伍迪-艾伦向他的心理医生抱怨说，他与妻子根本没有什么性生活，最多每周两次，有时三次。与此同时，他的妻子向医生抱怨他们几乎所有时间都在做爱，每周至少两次，有时甚至会三次。
在有关对性生活的抱怨中，“不够多”是男人抱怨最多的问题，而“不够浪漫”成为女人最大的不满。事实上，女性性意识觉醒普遍比男性晚，男人的性意识是直接而干脆的，女人却显得深邃而难窥其痕迹。男女两性在性反应中存在着生理差异和心理差异。妻子应该充分理解这点。
况且丈夫性需求未明显衰退，证明其仍有较旺盛的精力，这是健康的表现。对此，女人应当高兴而不是抱怨和不耐烦。
六点建议 改变乏味的性生活
许多夫妇常为性生活的不和谐、不美满而苦恼，严重者甚至危及婚姻关系。除了夫妇身体疾病所导致的性生活不和谐外，究其原因，主要是对性生活缺乏基本的知识和了解，而且大部分是属于心理因素方面的。为此，自感性生活乏味的夫妇应从以下几方面加以调适.
1、性生活和谐要以爱为基础
夫妻性生活的目的，不仅仅是生儿育女，同时也是夫妻整个爱情生活中的一个重要组成部分。做爱的目的就是为了分享和表达对对方的爱。至于做爱能否出现性高潮并不是最主要的。
2、做爱要注重过程
有位性学专家指出：夫妻间的性生活有如从事体育活动一样，你不要只对最后的结果感兴趣。应该对体育活动的过程更感兴趣。不然的话，就会造成夫妻间做爱过程的紧张，反而达不到性高潮。
3、及时表达做爱的感受
性学专家指出，夫妇做爱时，沉默寡言，互不表露自己的感受，那是很糟糕的。做爱时要及时互相吐露自己的性感受，帮助对方了解敏感部位及获得性快感的技巧。
4、做爱方式要多样化
千篇一律的性生活方式会使人产生单调乏味感。其实，每对夫妇表达情爱的性欲的方式是可以多种多样的。就像人的味口一样需要不断变化翻新。这样做可以提高性生活的新鲜感和吸引力，使性生活更为和谐和富有魅力。
5、要创造良好的做爱氛围
夫妻过性生活，应该像节日旅游度假一样，要事先做好准备，如事前洗个澡、打发孩子早点入睡等，还要多谈论些与做爱有关的使人兴奋的话题。
6、和谐性生活需要双方共同的努力
有些夫妇总是把性生活不和谐的责任推给对方，责怪对方没有很好配合。事实上，一次令人愉快的交欢，都是夫妇双方共同合作的结果。为此，夫妇双方应阅读一些性知识基础之类的书籍，了解男女性心理和性生理的不同特点，以便互相配合，互相激发，使性生活美满愉快。
1、性生活和谐要以爱为基础
夫妻性生活的目的，不仅仅是生儿育女，同时也是夫妻整个爱情生活中的一个重要组成部分。做爱的目的就是为了分享和表达对对方的爱。至于做爱能否出现性高潮并不是最主要的。
2、做爱要注重过程
有位性学专家指出：夫妻间的性生活有如从事体育活动一样，你不要只对最后的结果感兴趣。应该对体育活动的过程更感兴趣。不然的话，就会造成夫妻间做爱过程的紧张，反而达不到性高潮。
3、及时表达做爱的感受
性学专家指出，夫妇做爱时，沉默寡言，互不表露自己的感受，那是很糟糕的。做爱时要及时互相吐露自己的性感受，帮助对方了解敏感部位及获得性快感的技巧。
4、做爱方式要多样化
千篇一律的性生活方式会使人产生单调乏味感。其实，每对夫妇表达情爱的性欲的方式是可以多种多样的。就像人的味口一样需要不断变化翻新。这样做可以提高性生活的新鲜感和吸引力，使性生活更为和谐和富有魅力。
5、要创造良好的做爱氛围
夫妻过性生活，应该像节日旅游度假一样，要事先做好准备，如事前洗个澡、打发孩子早点入睡等，还要多谈论些与做爱有关的使人兴奋的话题。
6、和谐性生活需要双方共同的努力
有些夫妇总是把性生活不和谐的责任推给对方，责怪对方没有很好配合。事实上，一次令人愉快的交欢，都是夫妇双方共同合作的结果。为此，夫妇双方应阅读一些性知识基础之类的书籍，了解男女性心理和性生理的不同特点，以便互相配合，互相激发，使性生活美满愉快。
享受完美性爱的前提，怎样替女人去衫
面对现代女性的衣服，绝不会象橙子的外皮一样容易被撕破，轻柔与舒缓的目的是不能让她感到不安，此时要的是解开所有的纽扣、拉链和搭扣。意在解而不在脱，同时还需要把手置于肌肤与衣服之间，造成女人从心理上对解除所有束缚的认可，由内至外的对你完全开放。
一、对象
选择皮肤光鲜，体态匀称，成熟度足够的橙子。
（选择女人就不必细说了，当然是各自心中的美女，我无意在这里归纳。唯一的区别就是选成熟度不够的橙子只是剥皮时不够爽利和影响口感，而选成熟度不够的女人可是要负法律责任的。）
二、工具
日常水果刀，锋利程度适中为佳。
（为女人宽衣用手就可以了，当然少不了辅助工具——嘴。剥橙子则要借助水果刀，最后吃的时候才用嘴；而面对女人，除非对方愿意和你玩SM游戏，否则借助刀具为女人宽衣会被司法部门认定为强奸的。）
三、调情
用双手将橙子捂在手心里，以掌心温度温暖软化橙子外皮，并以适当力度，对橙子全身上下施以抚摩与揉搓以及按捏。其目的是使橙子意乱情迷，内心松动，彻底丧失对外皮即将被剥落的抗拒，包括外皮下紧紧裹在身上的亵衣。
（和女人如何调情更不需我在这里赘述，不同就是和女人调情还需要用上嘴，包括情话的撩拨和嘴部的实际动作。而剥橙子时还口中念念有辞甚至亲吻l几下橙子可能会被人家怀疑是BT。）
四、打开突破口
给橙子宽衣的突破口要选在顶部，需用水果刀轻轻在顶部划出1-2厘米的圆周，入刀的深浅以刚好将外皮切开而不划伤内部的果肉为标准。划开之后轻轻旋转那一部分外皮，将之取下，就可看见部分果肉了。
（宽女人衣的突破口则不需要这么规范刻板，如果前面的工夫做足，这时只需在不经意间轻轻解开一两个纽扣或一段拉链，并及时加以刺激，再往下进行应该不会遇到什么抗拒的。区别是此时应让女人继续保持意乱情迷，不可使其受任何惊扰，而橙子是完全处于被动，不必考虑她的主观情绪。）
五、进一步解除束缚
看见橙子的果肉也就能看见果肉和外皮的界限了，可以试着用刀尖沿着界限将果肉和外皮剥离开一点。然而此时还不能着急。受橙子的体型所限，为了不在最后一脱时撕坏橙子的衣服，还需要用水果刀在橙子的外皮上均匀的划开若干个切口，以6-8个为宜，切口的深浅同上，长度要达到橙子的底部。
（现代女性的衣服绝不会象橙子的外皮一样容易被撕破，轻柔与舒缓的目的是不能让她感到不安，此时要的是解开所有的纽扣、拉链和搭扣。意在解而不在脱，同时还需要把手置于肌肤与衣服之间，造成女人从心理上对解除所有束缚的认可，由内至外的对你完全开放。）
六、脱
上面一步一步做下来，这只橙子已经完全任你为所欲为了，你要做的就是按照划分好的各个外皮部分，一块一块用刀尖儿一点点由上到下将外皮和果肉剥离开，顺序按逆时针、顺时针或者随机选取就看你的兴致所致了。唯一所要注意的是自始至终不能让刀尖碰伤橙子那吹弹可破的肌肤，否则这一全过程不够完美了。
（脱女人的衣服在这个时候似乎应该是水到渠成的事情了，和剥橙子不同的是，橙子皮只要剥到橙子的肚脐处就可以了，无须完全剥离；而女人的衣服应该是完全彻底的脱掉才好。除非你和她所在的地点不是很恰当，只能匆匆苟合。）
好了，现在面对着一个曲线玲珑，纤毫毕现，汁水丰盈的裸体橙子/女人，你接下来要怎么做，就不用我再说什么了吧？肆意而为之后的快感更是可想而之了。
备注：
1.剥橙子和为女人宽衣的最大相通之处是都需要用心。
2.最大的不同就是对象不同，一个橙子只能剥开吃一次，女人可以反复上面的过程。
3.本文志在向大家推荐一种橙子的情趣吃法，不是性教育文章。如果有人看过本文之后，思维产生混乱，把橙子当作女人来吃，或把女人当作橙子来剥，由此引发的一切后果，本文及作者概不负责。
一、对象
选择皮肤光鲜，体态匀称，成熟度足够的橙子。
（选择女人就不必细说了，当然是各自心中的美女，我无意在这里归纳。唯一的区别就是选成熟度不够的橙子只是剥皮时不够爽利和影响口感，而选成熟度不够的女人可是要负法律责任的。）
二、工具
日常水果刀，锋利程度适中为佳。
（为女人宽衣用手就可以了，当然少不了辅助工具——嘴。剥橙子则要借助水果刀，最后吃的时候才用嘴；而面对女人，除非对方愿意和你玩SM游戏，否则借助刀具为女人宽衣会被司法部门认定为强奸的。）
三、调情
用双手将橙子捂在手心里，以掌心温度温暖软化橙子外皮，并以适当力度，对橙子全身上下施以抚摩与揉搓以及按捏。其目的是使橙子意乱情迷，内心松动，彻底丧失对外皮即将被剥落的抗拒，包括外皮下紧紧裹在身上的亵衣。
（和女人如何调情更不需我在这里赘述，不同就是和女人调情还需要用上嘴，包括情话的撩拨和嘴部的实际动作。而剥橙子时还口中念念有辞甚至亲吻l几下橙子可能会被人家怀疑是BT。）
四、打开突破口
给橙子宽衣的突破口要选在顶部，需用水果刀轻轻在顶部划出1-2厘米的圆周，入刀的深浅以刚好将外皮切开而不划伤内部的果肉为标准。划开之后轻轻旋转那一部分外皮，将之取下，就可看见部分果肉了。
（宽女人衣的突破口则不需要这么规范刻板，如果前面的工夫做足，这时只需在不经意间轻轻解开一两个纽扣或一段拉链，并及时加以刺激，再往下进行应该不会遇到什么抗拒的。区别是此时应让女人继续保持意乱情迷，不可使其受任何惊扰，而橙子是完全处于被动，不必考虑她的主观情绪。）
五、进一步解除束缚
看见橙子的果肉也就能看见果肉和外皮的界限了，可以试着用刀尖沿着界限将果肉和外皮剥离开一点。然而此时还不能着急。受橙子的体型所限，为了不在最后一脱时撕坏橙子的衣服，还需要用水果刀在橙子的外皮上均匀的划开若干个切口，以6-8个为宜，切口的深浅同上，长度要达到橙子的底部。
（现代女性的衣服绝不会象橙子的外皮一样容易被撕破，轻柔与舒缓的目的是不能让她感到不安，此时要的是解开所有的纽扣、拉链和搭扣。意在解而不在脱，同时还需要把手置于肌肤与衣服之间，造成女人从心理上对解除所有束缚的认可，由内至外的对你完全开放。）
六、脱
上面一步一步做下来，这只橙子已经完全任你为所欲为了，你要做的就是按照划分好的各个外皮部分，一块一块用刀尖儿一点点由上到下将外皮和果肉剥离开，顺序按逆时针、顺时针或者随机选取就看你的兴致所致了。唯一所要注意的是自始至终不能让刀尖碰伤橙子那吹弹可破的肌肤，否则这一全过程不够完美了。
（脱女人的衣服在这个时候似乎应该是水到渠成的事情了，和剥橙子不同的是，橙子皮只要剥到橙子的肚脐处就可以了，无须完全剥离；而女人的衣服应该是完全彻底的脱掉才好。除非你和她所在的地点不是很恰当，只能匆匆苟合。）
好了，现在面对着一个曲线玲珑，纤毫毕现，汁水丰盈的裸体橙子/女人，你接下来要怎么做，就不用我再说什么了吧？肆意而为之后的快感更是可想而之了。
备注：
1.剥橙子和为女人宽衣的最大相通之处是都需要用心。
2.最大的不同就是对象不同，一个橙子只能剥开吃一次，女人可以反复上面的过程。
3.本文志在向大家推荐一种橙子的情趣吃法，不是性教育文章。如果有人看过本文之后，思维产生混乱，把橙子当作女人来吃，或把女人当作橙子来剥，由此引发的一切后果，本文及作者概不负责。
五分钟让她体验欲仙欲死的性高潮
由于生理结构的不同，男性在很短时间内就能体验到性爱的快感，而女性则需要漫长的等待，有时根本没有感觉。
其实，性爱就如同武术对打，需要有“棋逢对手”的伴侣，才能激发彼此的情欲潜能。只要掌握超速做爱的要领，在短短五分钟内就能让你体验欲仙欲死的滋味。
利用性幻想
“性”的念头会刺激体内安多氛的产生，提供与性高潮时产生的荷尔蒙一般的效果。在与意中人享受雨水之欢之前，可以回味一下你俩之前的激情游戏，如果情况许可更不妨先自行刺激敏感地带，让激情沸腾起来；在和他云雨时也别忘了想一下A片中的精彩画面模拟演出，保证你立刻热血沸腾，高潮滚滚而来。
贪婪的要求
为了把握短短数分钟以得到满足与快感，在进行超速性爱时就要抛弃所有礼数与矜持，直接坦白地告诉对方你的需求。你尽可以变成猛浪女，忘情地要求他赶快插入、更深入一些或动作更激烈一些。
烈吻缠绵
亲吻是促进情欲的最佳性爱法则。想要拥有更高品质且动人心弦的性爱，吻是让她欲仙欲死的关键，堪称前戏重炮，透过亲吻来传达激情，让女人感受男人的浓情。即使没有交合的动作，也能从彼此的亲吻当中活络身心。女人的唇和乳房是男人攻城掠地的首要据点，男人快狠准地开口，会让女人开心而芝麻开门。
蒙眼做爱
蒙眼做爱比闭眼做爱更具快感！闭眼做爱的视觉主权仍操之在己，然而当眼睛被蒙住后，整个世界便进入黑暗时期；你需要借由触碰或听觉来辨别方位。当眼睛被蒙住后所带来的神秘体验令人跃跃欲试，热血沸腾！因为视而不见，其它的感官知觉都因此而变得敏锐，平凡事务也会创造出前所未有的惊喜，形成最佳的性爱刺激。可以彼此交换蒙眼，体会完全掌控对方身体，以及被掌控的快感。
性感带突击
做爱最忌讳一成不变，日久生腻的最大祸首是不求突破。“皮肤是人体最大的性器官”，性感带因人而异，针对性器官下手固然快狠准，但意料之外的触碰，常会有惊人的刺激感受。不要让她摸清你的招式，就如同比武过招时，虽说武术有套路可循，然而愈能够出神入化愈能吊对方胃口。不经意地偷袭她的性感带，让她的末梢神经痛快喊爽。
其实，性爱就如同武术对打，需要有“棋逢对手”的伴侣，才能激发彼此的情欲潜能。只要掌握超速做爱的要领，在短短五分钟内就能让你体验欲仙欲死的滋味。
利用性幻想
“性”的念头会刺激体内安多氛的产生，提供与性高潮时产生的荷尔蒙一般的效果。在与意中人享受雨水之欢之前，可以回味一下你俩之前的激情游戏，如果情况许可更不妨先自行刺激敏感地带，让激情沸腾起来；在和他云雨时也别忘了想一下A片中的精彩画面模拟演出，保证你立刻热血沸腾，高潮滚滚而来。
贪婪的要求
为了把握短短数分钟以得到满足与快感，在进行超速性爱时就要抛弃所有礼数与矜持，直接坦白地告诉对方你的需求。你尽可以变成猛浪女，忘情地要求他赶快插入、更深入一些或动作更激烈一些。
烈吻缠绵
亲吻是促进情欲的最佳性爱法则。想要拥有更高品质且动人心弦的性爱，吻是让她欲仙欲死的关键，堪称前戏重炮，透过亲吻来传达激情，让女人感受男人的浓情。即使没有交合的动作，也能从彼此的亲吻当中活络身心。女人的唇和乳房是男人攻城掠地的首要据点，男人快狠准地开口，会让女人开心而芝麻开门。
蒙眼做爱
蒙眼做爱比闭眼做爱更具快感！闭眼做爱的视觉主权仍操之在己，然而当眼睛被蒙住后，整个世界便进入黑暗时期；你需要借由触碰或听觉来辨别方位。当眼睛被蒙住后所带来的神秘体验令人跃跃欲试，热血沸腾！因为视而不见，其它的感官知觉都因此而变得敏锐，平凡事务也会创造出前所未有的惊喜，形成最佳的性爱刺激。可以彼此交换蒙眼，体会完全掌控对方身体，以及被掌控的快感。
性感带突击
做爱最忌讳一成不变，日久生腻的最大祸首是不求突破。“皮肤是人体最大的性器官”，性感带因人而异，针对性器官下手固然快狠准，但意料之外的触碰，常会有惊人的刺激感受。不要让她摸清你的招式，就如同比武过招时，虽说武术有套路可循，然而愈能够出神入化愈能吊对方胃口。不经意地偷袭她的性感带，让她的末梢神经痛快喊爽。
印度密传十二招性爱姿势
评分指数说明：
难易度：1-3轻轻松松；4-6需要体和柔软度；7-9需要扎实的床第经验；10性爱高手
快感度：1-3满足；4-6火辣刺激；7-9高潮迭起；10欲仙欲死
养眼度：1-3普普通通；4-6性感撩人；7-9力与美的结合；10令人激赏
养生度：1-3不痛不痒；4-6增强体力；7-9重点保健；10长效养生
第一招：一览无余
动作说明：
1.女方先侧躺，再以一侧手肘支撑起上半身或头部，一腿贴近地平面伸直，另一腿则舒畅直抬起使两腿大开。
2.男方跨于女方贴近地平面的大腿上，进入女方身体。并抱住女方抬起的大腿，或使女方大腿枕于男方肩膀上。
3.男方可依两人所需、调整女方大腿打开的角度。
难易指数：7分。除非你是练家子，否则试试高举一腿达一分钟，不麻也酸。
快感指数：3分。由男人采取主动，并因女方两腿大开而长驱直入，感觉来快、消散得也快。
养眼指数：8分。这个动作由男人握著女人的大腿磨啊蹭的，好像中南部前阵子流行的钢管秀哦！(如果女人把腿抹上油的话)
养生指数：10分。女性增强卵巢功能，提左腿改善便秘，提右腿改善拉肚子的现象；男性增强腰臀，针对膀胱、摄护腺功能作改善。
第二招：性感美人鱼
动作说明：
1.女方先以臀部靠床沿、桌缘或任何平台躺下，双腿靠拢伸直举起。
2.女方将双手置于臀部下方以抬高骨盆，或可抓住迥、桌缘或平台边缘。
3.男方站立或采跪姿于女方抬起的双腿前，接着进入女方身体。
4.男方可以抓住女方足部以增加深入时稳定性。
难易指数：6分。女方双腿被压制住还得以双手反制，可谓手脚并用。
快感指数：4分。进进出出的动作较多，女方恐怕无法持久。如果作为做爱中段变化，则不失快狠准的刺激型快感。
养眼指数：7分。请先仔细检查家俱所有的螺丝钉是否拴紧了，摇晃起来如果吱吱嘎嘎，楼下又会欣赏一场春宫秀。建议桌椅旁都要加包棉布，以免太硬，骨头受伤！别外，不可太过激动，否则晚餐就没地方吃了。
养生指数：5分。女性强化子宫和小肠；男性强化大肠和膝盖。
第三招：火辣黏巴达
动作说明：
1.女方先面朝上平躺，屈膝使足部尽量贴近大腿或置于大腿下方，双手往头上摆。
2.男方面对她躺下，双腿伸直，用双手方抓住她的肩膀或腰侧。
3.男方可以深入浅出，或用上下、左右或画弧形来变换进入时的刺激点。
难易指数：7分。女性身体柔软度的一大考验。
快感指数：7分。男方身体紧贴女方，可摩擦到耻骨最敏感部位，并刺激阴道壁各处，不达高潮也难！
养眼指数：4分。嗯~感觉好像酷刑，被拷打前的姿势！特别是手放在头上，然后绑起来你招不招？你究竟是不是长江一号？
养生指数：8分。女性加强肚胆功能，改善乳房和腋下肿痛，并可安定情绪；男性强化腰和足踝，对心脏有益，且有心神安宁的功效。
第四招：旋转木马
动作说明：
1.男方以枕头支撑头部后平躺，双腿打开并伸直。
2.女方先坐在男方腰侧，双腿跨过男方腹部，以双手支撑起身体，使臀部摆荡在男方腹部或大腿之上，两人身体呈十字形交叉。
3.女方将腿稍微打开，使男方进入女方身体，然后做的回旋动作。
难易指数：7分。她身体不够柔软或角度配合不佳时，容易使男方受伤。
快感指数：3分。在女方须小心使力的情况下，就算磨磨蹭蹭很刺激，但不易持久。
养眼指数：6分。旋转木马？挺梦幻的！看样子危险性应该也挺高的，毕竟人家虽然很硬，但也不是柱子让你拿来玩乐啊！
养生指数：7分。女性改善膀胱，可健美小腿，减少妊娠纹；男性强化脾胃，增长意志力和智慧。
第五招：腾云蛟龙
动作说明：
1.女方面朝下躺平，双手伸直于头部以上，双腿稍微打开，把一个到两个枕头入放在耻骨下方。
2.男方面朝下覆盖在女方身上，然后进入女方身体。
3.男方以回旋的动作代替抽送。
难易指数：4分。虽然进入不易，但是以枕头高速角度后便可以改善。
快感指数：8.5分。平躺时较为舒适，更可以延长做动作的时间。肌肤相亲、耳鬓厮磨，能提升女方的满足感；女方因生产后阴道较松弛，此招式便能改善男方的感受度，男女双方都能尽兴。
养眼指数：2分。关于这个姿势如果女方完全没有动作的话，是不是有点像死鱼啊！哈哈哈！我随便说的啦！
养生指数：5分。女性可强化大肠和子宫，并健美腰部；男性强化肾脏、膀胱、腰和膝盖。
第六招：激情摇滚
动作说明：
1.女方面朝上平躺，双腿抬起，使膝盖贴近下巴。
2.男方如一般传教士体位进入女方身体，女方可将腿枕于男方肩膀上。
3.女方扶住男方上臂，男方抓住女方臀部互为深入的施力点。
难易指数：4分。女方只需要一般的柔软度，躺着做也挺省力的，倒是男人得有臂力才行。
快感指数：5分。如果他能找到刺激点，就会快感连连。
养眼指数：5分。挺折腾女人的动作，不过如果面对着秀色可餐的男人，再点播些摇滚乐来听听，情况就不同罗！
养生指数：7分。女性增强膀胱、子宫，美化肩项；男性增加大肠功能，促进新陈代谢，并可改善狐臭、腋臭。
第七招：蜘蛛结网
动作说明：
1.男方与女方面对面侧躺，双腿交缠。
2.当男方进入她的身体后，互相紧拥来增强摩擦的快感。
难易指数：5分。双腿交缠便难以深入，尤其男女角度需要配合为之。
快感指数：9分。女性所要求紧致度、缠绵度的上乘之选，不但舒服又能持久。
养眼指数：9分。很像互许海誓山盟的杰克和罗丝！不过，听说失乐园那一对也是这样相拥长眠的，可见这一招的魅力了。
养生指数：9分。女性强化胆、子宫，减少胆小和嫉妒；男性强化胆、膀胱，增加胆识、气魄。
第八招：曼妙八拍
动作说明：
1.女方面朝上平躺，将一对枕头垫在臀部下方，将双腿打并弯曲，双手置于头上。
2.男方面对女方，身体打直，以双手置于女方头部两侧来支撑全身重量，然后进入女方身体。
3.男方缓慢地做8字型回旋，使阴茎宠充分刺激女方阴道壁，耻骨亦可刺激女方阴核。
难易指数：3分。传教士的变化型，轻松上路。
快感指数：9分。阴茎充分刺激女方阴道壁，展度大、刺激点多，完全符合女性高潮慢慢来的情况。
养眼指数：3分。如果身体不好可能要变慢慢八拍了！因为男人在做这个动作时很容易回想起当兵做伏地挺身时的情况！
养生指数：5分。女性强化肝胆、子宫、卵巢，改善偏头痛和经痛的现象；男性强化腰肾、大肠，改善阳痿、早泄的问题.
第九招：缠绵沙发
动作说明：
1.男方坐在沙发或舒适椅子上。
2.女方面对男方跨坐其上，双腿打开，膝盖弯曲并贴在男方胸前，上半身往后倾，使双手触及地面来支撑身体重量。
3.男方进入女方身体后，女方以双腿一开一阖的动作并辅以收缩PC肌来攀登高潮。
难易指数：10分。女方在身体后倾的情况下，双腿还得一开一阖，这时若还能配合PC肌的收缩，简直比练瑜珈还难。
快感指数：3分。如果真的按图索骥，想必无法维持太久，恐怕在快感还没来就放弃了吧！家里沙发太软的话，千万别尝试，免得支撑力不足。
养眼指数：9分。这个动作如果真的做得到，两位应该可以到李棠华特技团报名，并建议出国比赛。
养生指数：10分。女性强化大肠、子宫、卵巢，增强膝盖和足踝；男性强化膀、大肠功能，增强颈部和腰部。
第十招：热情女骑士
动作说明：
1.男方盘腿坐下，并以双手置于身后作为支撑。
2.女方面对男方跨跪，双手抓住男方肩膀，缓缓让男方进入女方身体。
3.由女方控制进入深浅、动作的快慢，当然，女方愈往下坐，则两人结合愈紧密。
难易指数：3分。绝对比骑脚踏车容易吧！
快感指数：8分。女性享有主导权，可以很快找到刺激点。更由于男女面对面，使得视觉和触觉俱佳，而紧密的结合之势，说什么也能掌握高潮。
养眼指数：7分。建议要做这个动作前，应先着装打扮！在骑乘时应有呼啸、满足之表情与声音。
养生指数：5分。女性强化膀胱、子宫、卵巢，健美腰部和颈部；男性强化膀胱，增强肩膀和背部。
第十一招：性爱阶梯
动作说明：
1.男女方面对楼梯上楼的方向跪着，女方在男方上一阶。
2.女方可以双手抓住楼梯两侧栏杆或前方阶梯，男方则抓住女方臀部自后面进入。
难易指数：6分。首先要有楼梯才有变换场景的感觉，但是在楼梯上做就得考虑安全性。
快感指数：7分。改在床沿做会比较舒服，如果面对镜子做更棒。
养眼指数：8分，这个姿势一般人家里好像没有楼梯喔！如果用公共楼梯，似乎太便宜邻居了吧！其实梯不在高，有阶则灵啦！
养生指数：5分。女性强化大肠、子宫、胃，健美胸部和腹部；男性强化肺部、大肠，增加气魄和耐力。
第十二招：八爪交缠
动作说明：
1.男方双腿弯曲打开坐下，并以双手置于身后作为支撑。
2.女方面对男方坐下，双手亦置于身后作为支撑，双腿打开分别挂在男方肩膀上。
3.让男方进入女方身体，并作更贴近的尝试。
难易指数：8分。肯定要耗费体力的一个招式，双手尤其酸哪！
快感指数：3分。男女双方都得专注于动作的配合，遂分散了快感的体验，恐怕也无法维持太久。
养眼指数：6分。两人门户大开的彼此欣赏，绝对不是什么灯光美气氛佳的状况，反过来说，从来没有直视那最原始部位的两个人，可别兴奋过头了！
养生指数：8分。女性强化部、子宫、大肠，美化颈项、头发和眼睛；男性强化心脏和小肠，心思会更为细腻。
难易度：1-3轻轻松松；4-6需要体和柔软度；7-9需要扎实的床第经验；10性爱高手
快感度：1-3满足；4-6火辣刺激；7-9高潮迭起；10欲仙欲死
养眼度：1-3普普通通；4-6性感撩人；7-9力与美的结合；10令人激赏
养生度：1-3不痛不痒；4-6增强体力；7-9重点保健；10长效养生
第一招：一览无余
动作说明：
1.女方先侧躺，再以一侧手肘支撑起上半身或头部，一腿贴近地平面伸直，另一腿则舒畅直抬起使两腿大开。
2.男方跨于女方贴近地平面的大腿上，进入女方身体。并抱住女方抬起的大腿，或使女方大腿枕于男方肩膀上。
3.男方可依两人所需、调整女方大腿打开的角度。
难易指数：7分。除非你是练家子，否则试试高举一腿达一分钟，不麻也酸。
快感指数：3分。由男人采取主动，并因女方两腿大开而长驱直入，感觉来快、消散得也快。
养眼指数：8分。这个动作由男人握著女人的大腿磨啊蹭的，好像中南部前阵子流行的钢管秀哦！(如果女人把腿抹上油的话)
养生指数：10分。女性增强卵巢功能，提左腿改善便秘，提右腿改善拉肚子的现象；男性增强腰臀，针对膀胱、摄护腺功能作改善。
第二招：性感美人鱼
动作说明：
1.女方先以臀部靠床沿、桌缘或任何平台躺下，双腿靠拢伸直举起。
2.女方将双手置于臀部下方以抬高骨盆，或可抓住迥、桌缘或平台边缘。
3.男方站立或采跪姿于女方抬起的双腿前，接着进入女方身体。
4.男方可以抓住女方足部以增加深入时稳定性。
难易指数：6分。女方双腿被压制住还得以双手反制，可谓手脚并用。
快感指数：4分。进进出出的动作较多，女方恐怕无法持久。如果作为做爱中段变化，则不失快狠准的刺激型快感。
养眼指数：7分。请先仔细检查家俱所有的螺丝钉是否拴紧了，摇晃起来如果吱吱嘎嘎，楼下又会欣赏一场春宫秀。建议桌椅旁都要加包棉布，以免太硬，骨头受伤！别外，不可太过激动，否则晚餐就没地方吃了。
养生指数：5分。女性强化子宫和小肠；男性强化大肠和膝盖。
第三招：火辣黏巴达
动作说明：
1.女方先面朝上平躺，屈膝使足部尽量贴近大腿或置于大腿下方，双手往头上摆。
2.男方面对她躺下，双腿伸直，用双手方抓住她的肩膀或腰侧。
3.男方可以深入浅出，或用上下、左右或画弧形来变换进入时的刺激点。
难易指数：7分。女性身体柔软度的一大考验。
快感指数：7分。男方身体紧贴女方，可摩擦到耻骨最敏感部位，并刺激阴道壁各处，不达高潮也难！
养眼指数：4分。嗯~感觉好像酷刑，被拷打前的姿势！特别是手放在头上，然后绑起来你招不招？你究竟是不是长江一号？
养生指数：8分。女性加强肚胆功能，改善乳房和腋下肿痛，并可安定情绪；男性强化腰和足踝，对心脏有益，且有心神安宁的功效。
第四招：旋转木马
动作说明：
1.男方以枕头支撑头部后平躺，双腿打开并伸直。
2.女方先坐在男方腰侧，双腿跨过男方腹部，以双手支撑起身体，使臀部摆荡在男方腹部或大腿之上，两人身体呈十字形交叉。
3.女方将腿稍微打开，使男方进入女方身体，然后做的回旋动作。
难易指数：7分。她身体不够柔软或角度配合不佳时，容易使男方受伤。
快感指数：3分。在女方须小心使力的情况下，就算磨磨蹭蹭很刺激，但不易持久。
养眼指数：6分。旋转木马？挺梦幻的！看样子危险性应该也挺高的，毕竟人家虽然很硬，但也不是柱子让你拿来玩乐啊！
养生指数：7分。女性改善膀胱，可健美小腿，减少妊娠纹；男性强化脾胃，增长意志力和智慧。
第五招：腾云蛟龙
动作说明：
1.女方面朝下躺平，双手伸直于头部以上，双腿稍微打开，把一个到两个枕头入放在耻骨下方。
2.男方面朝下覆盖在女方身上，然后进入女方身体。
3.男方以回旋的动作代替抽送。
难易指数：4分。虽然进入不易，但是以枕头高速角度后便可以改善。
快感指数：8.5分。平躺时较为舒适，更可以延长做动作的时间。肌肤相亲、耳鬓厮磨，能提升女方的满足感；女方因生产后阴道较松弛，此招式便能改善男方的感受度，男女双方都能尽兴。
养眼指数：2分。关于这个姿势如果女方完全没有动作的话，是不是有点像死鱼啊！哈哈哈！我随便说的啦！
养生指数：5分。女性可强化大肠和子宫，并健美腰部；男性强化肾脏、膀胱、腰和膝盖。
第六招：激情摇滚
动作说明：
1.女方面朝上平躺，双腿抬起，使膝盖贴近下巴。
2.男方如一般传教士体位进入女方身体，女方可将腿枕于男方肩膀上。
3.女方扶住男方上臂，男方抓住女方臀部互为深入的施力点。
难易指数：4分。女方只需要一般的柔软度，躺着做也挺省力的，倒是男人得有臂力才行。
快感指数：5分。如果他能找到刺激点，就会快感连连。
养眼指数：5分。挺折腾女人的动作，不过如果面对着秀色可餐的男人，再点播些摇滚乐来听听，情况就不同罗！
养生指数：7分。女性增强膀胱、子宫，美化肩项；男性增加大肠功能，促进新陈代谢，并可改善狐臭、腋臭。
第七招：蜘蛛结网
动作说明：
1.男方与女方面对面侧躺，双腿交缠。
2.当男方进入她的身体后，互相紧拥来增强摩擦的快感。
难易指数：5分。双腿交缠便难以深入，尤其男女角度需要配合为之。
快感指数：9分。女性所要求紧致度、缠绵度的上乘之选，不但舒服又能持久。
养眼指数：9分。很像互许海誓山盟的杰克和罗丝！不过，听说失乐园那一对也是这样相拥长眠的，可见这一招的魅力了。
养生指数：9分。女性强化胆、子宫，减少胆小和嫉妒；男性强化胆、膀胱，增加胆识、气魄。
第八招：曼妙八拍
动作说明：
1.女方面朝上平躺，将一对枕头垫在臀部下方，将双腿打并弯曲，双手置于头上。
2.男方面对女方，身体打直，以双手置于女方头部两侧来支撑全身重量，然后进入女方身体。
3.男方缓慢地做8字型回旋，使阴茎宠充分刺激女方阴道壁，耻骨亦可刺激女方阴核。
难易指数：3分。传教士的变化型，轻松上路。
快感指数：9分。阴茎充分刺激女方阴道壁，展度大、刺激点多，完全符合女性高潮慢慢来的情况。
养眼指数：3分。如果身体不好可能要变慢慢八拍了！因为男人在做这个动作时很容易回想起当兵做伏地挺身时的情况！
养生指数：5分。女性强化肝胆、子宫、卵巢，改善偏头痛和经痛的现象；男性强化腰肾、大肠，改善阳痿、早泄的问题.
第九招：缠绵沙发
动作说明：
1.男方坐在沙发或舒适椅子上。
2.女方面对男方跨坐其上，双腿打开，膝盖弯曲并贴在男方胸前，上半身往后倾，使双手触及地面来支撑身体重量。
3.男方进入女方身体后，女方以双腿一开一阖的动作并辅以收缩PC肌来攀登高潮。
难易指数：10分。女方在身体后倾的情况下，双腿还得一开一阖，这时若还能配合PC肌的收缩，简直比练瑜珈还难。
快感指数：3分。如果真的按图索骥，想必无法维持太久，恐怕在快感还没来就放弃了吧！家里沙发太软的话，千万别尝试，免得支撑力不足。
养眼指数：9分。这个动作如果真的做得到，两位应该可以到李棠华特技团报名，并建议出国比赛。
养生指数：10分。女性强化大肠、子宫、卵巢，增强膝盖和足踝；男性强化膀、大肠功能，增强颈部和腰部。
第十招：热情女骑士
动作说明：
1.男方盘腿坐下，并以双手置于身后作为支撑。
2.女方面对男方跨跪，双手抓住男方肩膀，缓缓让男方进入女方身体。
3.由女方控制进入深浅、动作的快慢，当然，女方愈往下坐，则两人结合愈紧密。
难易指数：3分。绝对比骑脚踏车容易吧！
快感指数：8分。女性享有主导权，可以很快找到刺激点。更由于男女面对面，使得视觉和触觉俱佳，而紧密的结合之势，说什么也能掌握高潮。
养眼指数：7分。建议要做这个动作前，应先着装打扮！在骑乘时应有呼啸、满足之表情与声音。
养生指数：5分。女性强化膀胱、子宫、卵巢，健美腰部和颈部；男性强化膀胱，增强肩膀和背部。
第十一招：性爱阶梯
动作说明：
1.男女方面对楼梯上楼的方向跪着，女方在男方上一阶。
2.女方可以双手抓住楼梯两侧栏杆或前方阶梯，男方则抓住女方臀部自后面进入。
难易指数：6分。首先要有楼梯才有变换场景的感觉，但是在楼梯上做就得考虑安全性。
快感指数：7分。改在床沿做会比较舒服，如果面对镜子做更棒。
养眼指数：8分，这个姿势一般人家里好像没有楼梯喔！如果用公共楼梯，似乎太便宜邻居了吧！其实梯不在高，有阶则灵啦！
养生指数：5分。女性强化大肠、子宫、胃，健美胸部和腹部；男性强化肺部、大肠，增加气魄和耐力。
第十二招：八爪交缠
动作说明：
1.男方双腿弯曲打开坐下，并以双手置于身后作为支撑。
2.女方面对男方坐下，双手亦置于身后作为支撑，双腿打开分别挂在男方肩膀上。
3.让男方进入女方身体，并作更贴近的尝试。
难易指数：8分。肯定要耗费体力的一个招式，双手尤其酸哪！
快感指数：3分。男女双方都得专注于动作的配合，遂分散了快感的体验，恐怕也无法维持太久。
养眼指数：6分。两人门户大开的彼此欣赏，绝对不是什么灯光美气氛佳的状况，反过来说，从来没有直视那最原始部位的两个人，可别兴奋过头了！
养生指数：8分。女性强化部、子宫、大肠，美化颈项、头发和眼睛；男性强化心脏和小肠，心思会更为细腻。
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